“自上而下”与“自下而上”融合的政策设计——基于农村发展扶贫项目的经验分析

发布时间：2018-06-17 01:50

本文选题：扶贫政策设计 + 农村发展扶贫项目　；参考：《中国社会科学》2017年09期

【摘要】：20世纪80年代中期以来,我国扶贫政策从单纯的"输血式"逐步转向"造血式"。不同的"造血式"扶贫方式存在各自的优势与不足。构建一个简单理论模型,剖析资本补贴和小额信贷这两类"造血式"扶贫方式和资金配套机制对农户收入的影响及其机理,并通过"倾向得分匹配双差分法"进行实证检验。结果表明,小额信贷对贫困村农户增收具有积极的促进作用,资本补贴的影响则很弱;引入资金配套机制不仅显著增加了贫困村农户人均纯收入,也明显改善了资本补贴的扶贫效果。总体上看,农村发展扶贫项目通过融合"自上而下"和"自下而上"两种扶贫机制,增强村级民主,提高了扶贫瞄准度及其效果,对于精准扶贫政策的优化设计具有良好启示。
[Abstract]:Since the mid-1980 s, China's poverty alleviation policy has gradually changed from "transfusion" to "hematopoiesis". Different ways of helping the poor by hematopoiesis have their own advantages and disadvantages. This paper constructs a simple theoretical model to analyze the influence and mechanism of two types of "hematopoietic" poverty alleviation methods and matching mechanisms of capital subsidy and micro-credit on farmers' income, and carries out an empirical test by means of "tendency score matching double difference method". The results show that microcredit has a positive effect on increasing the income of rural households in poor villages, while the effect of capital subsidies is very weak, and the introduction of a matching fund mechanism not only increases the net income per capita of rural households in poor villages, but also increases the net income of rural households in poor villages. It has also significantly improved the poverty alleviation effect of capital subsidies. On the whole, the rural development poverty alleviation project combines the two mechanisms of "top-down" and "bottom-up", strengthens the democracy at the village level, improves the aim of poverty alleviation and its effect, and has good enlightenment for the optimization and design of the precise poverty alleviation policy.
【作者单位】：中国人民大学财政金融学院、中国财政金融政策研究中心;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金重点项目(71533006)、面上项目(71673279)、青年项目(71403276)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：F323.8

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