明清地权契约中“业”的表述与田骨田皮的“业权”属性

发布时间：2018-06-18 13:06

本文选题：明清时期 + 地权契约　；参考：《南京农业大学学报(社会科学版)》2017年05期

【摘要】：明清时期田骨田皮分离是永佃关系或者说永佃制进一步发展的结果。就权利范畴与属性来说,田皮与使用权、经营权、永佃、永佃权存在交集,但实际并不相同。在土地"王有"观念支配下,田骨田皮分离无论是针对国家所有权作进一步分割,还是针对私人所有权作进一步分割,其终极所有权依然归属国家。受"王有"观念的影响,人们并不总是关注于土地的"所有""占有",而更多关注的是基于土地的"收益",是为了获得这一收益而力求享有的合法经营的权利——"业权",这在明清地权契约中有着更为明显的体现。业权固然是多重权利的组合,但却彰显着浓厚的传统文化观念,即强调对土地的经营与收益权利,而并非对土地的所有、占有权利,相对于现代所有权概念,"业权"更能够实现对田骨田皮权利范畴与属性的表达。
[Abstract]:The separation of farmland and skin in Ming and Qing dynasties was the result of the further development of permanent tenancy relationship or permanent tenancy system. As far as the category and attribute of right are concerned, there exists intersection of right of use, right of management and right of permanent tenancy, but it is not the same. Under the domination of the concept of "Wang you", the ultimate ownership of land is still owned by the state, whether it is for the further division of the state ownership or for the private ownership. Influenced by the concept of "Wang you", People do not always pay attention to the "all" possession "of land, but pay more attention to the" income "based on the land, which is the legal right to operate in order to obtain this income -" title ", which was the title deed in the Ming and Qing dynasties. There is a more obvious manifestation in the covenant. Although the title is a combination of multiple rights, it shows a strong traditional cultural concept, that is, emphasizing the right to land management and income, not the ownership of the land, the right to occupy it. Compared with the modern concept of ownership, the title can express the category and attribute of the right.
【作者单位】：南京邮电大学马克思主义学院;
【基金】：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“明清田骨田皮分离制度研究”(12YJCZH277) 南京邮电大学引进人才科研启动基金项目“制度与形式:中国古代地权分离渊源研究”(NYS212004)
【分类号】：F329;K248

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