基于产业链视角的甘肃省中药材产业运营模式及稳定性研究

发布时间：2018-06-19 21:53

本文选题：产业链 + 中药材产业　；参考：《甘肃农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：甘肃省是我国最主要的中药材产区之一,中药材种植面积和产量均居全国首位。中药材产业作为甘肃省重点扶持发展的特色优势产业,其雄厚的资源优势造就了“千年药乡”和“西北药都”的盛誉,甘肃省也因此成为西北最大的中药材种植、仓储、加工基地和交易、信息、价格形成中心。然而,中药材产业发展过程中,产业链上游环节的“无标生产”和“无规约束”行为的叠加加剧了“小农户”与“大市场”之间的矛盾,致使中下游环节难以形成对中药材产业链的系统质量管理。因此,全面把握中药材产业整体发展状况,总结产业链运营模式,揭示产业链形成机理,测算不同模式运营效率以及对产业链稳定性运行进行科学评价,成为当前甘肃省中药材产业发展的迫切需要。本研究以中药材产业链为研究对象,选取陇西县为调查区域,通过基线调查,对甘肃省中药材产业发展整体状况、区域差异进行全面分析概括,选取相关指标对竞争力综合评价;基于ANT视角系统研究了中药材产业链各参与主体的功能和地位,揭示了中药材产业链的形成机理;选取相关指标对中药材产业链的不同模式运营效率比较测算;运用结构方程模型对中药材产业链稳定性影响因素进行了科学测度与评价。得出以下结论:1.从产业环境、资源禀赋、产出水平和加工能力维度出发构建了区域中药材产业竞争力评价指标体系,运用因子分析法对区域竞争力进行综合评价。结果显示:(1)定西市、金昌市、甘南州和陇南市的综合竞争力位居前列,属于优势产区;临夏州、庆阳市、武威市、张掖市、天水市和白银市的综合竞争力较低,属于次优势产区;酒泉市、兰州市和平凉市虽然属于欠优势产区,但未来仍有较大的发展潜力。(2)要素禀赋是区域中药材产业发展的基础条件;加工能力相对低下制约了中药材产业竞争力的提升;(3)以产业扶持力度、区域开发强度和产业增值效应等指标为表征的发展能力因子权重最大,是影响中药材产业整体竞争力最主要的因子。2.批发市场模式、合作社模式、第三方物流模式和公司模式是当前中药材产业链运营的主要模式。批发市场模式在运行过程中虽然存在因信息不对称而造成的“卖难买贵”现象,但作为传统的运营模式,其存续时间较久,交易形式简单,是目前陇西中药材产业链最主要的运营模式;公司模式作为中药材产业发展的主流模式,在有效缓解了药农“卖难”困境的同时,为其提供了技术支持,但其松散的组织化程度亟待进一步提升。以合作社模式和第三方物流模式为代表的新型运营模式的出现,不仅提高了中药材产业链的运营效率,为各参与主体带来了极大便利,而且还降低了药农承担的成本和风险,但这两种模式仍处于起步阶段,未来的推广和普及还需更多时间。3.运营效率是评价中药材产业链模式效果的关键。选取运营成本、运营费用率、运营利润率和生产者分得比率作为测量中药材产业链运营效率的指标,通过测算分析可知:以运营成本和运营费用率为测量指标时,合作社模式的运营效率最高;而当以利润率为测量指标时,四种运营模式的利润率高低顺序为:合作社模式(36.090%)批发市场模式(34.910%)第三方物流模式(34.182%)公司模式(25.2733%),合作社模式的运营效率最高。以生产者分得比率为测算指标时,批发市场模式、第三方物流模式、合作社模式和公司模式分别为48.892%、49.560%、53.634%、58.470%,公司模式的生产者分得比率最高,批发市场模式最低。从药农角度看,公司模式是实现药农增收的最佳模式。4.依托“稳定性”思想,构建中药材产业链稳定性评价影响指标体系,运用结构方程模型进行实证发现,供求关系不确定性是影响中药材产业链稳定运行的关键;虽然利益分配不对产业链稳定性产生直接影响,但价格波动、利益分配和外部环境彼此相互影响。政府、银行和保险公司的风险共管和损失共担机制不仅有利于中药材质量保障,同时有助于产业链的稳定、有序运营。
[Abstract]:Gansu province is one of the most important Chinese medicine producing areas in China. The planting area and production of Chinese medicinal materials are the first in the country. The Chinese medicinal materials industry is the characteristic advantage industry of the key support and development in Gansu province. Its abundant resource advantages bring up the reputation of "Millennium township" and "Northwest medicine capital", and Gansu province has become the largest Chinese medicine in the northwest. In the course of the development of Chinese medicinal materials industry, the superposition of "no standard production" and "unregulated" behavior in the upstream link of the industrial chain aggravates the contradiction between "small farmer" and "big market" in the upstream link of the industrial chain, which causes the middle and lower reaches link to form a chain of Chinese medicinal materials industry chain. Therefore, it is an urgent need to grasp the overall development of the traditional Chinese medicine industry, summarize the operation mode of the industrial chain, reveal the formation mechanism of the industrial chain, calculate the operating efficiency of different modes and evaluate the stability of the industrial chain, which has become an urgent need for the development of the traditional Chinese medicine industry in Gansu province. The research object, selected Longxi County as the survey area, through the baseline survey, comprehensive analysis and generalization of the overall situation of the development of Chinese medicine industry in Gansu Province, the regional difference, select the relevant index to the comprehensive evaluation of competitiveness; based on the ANT perspective system, the function and status of the Chinese medicinal materials industry chain are studied, and the industrial chain of Chinese medicinal materials is revealed. The relative indexes are selected to measure the operation efficiency of the different modes of Chinese medicine industry chain, and the influence factors of the stability of the Chinese medicinal materials industry chain are scientifically measured and evaluated by using the structural equation model. The following conclusions are drawn as follows: 1. from the industrial environment, resource endowment, production level and processing capacity dimension, the region is constructed. The evaluation index system of the competitiveness of the medicinal materials industry and the comprehensive evaluation of regional competitiveness by means of factor analysis show that: (1) the comprehensive competitiveness of Dingxi, Jinchang, Gannan and Longnan is in the forefront, which belongs to the dominant production area; the comprehensive competitiveness of Linxia, Qingyang, Wuwei, Zhangye, Tianshui and Baiyin is low. Jiuquan City, Lanzhou city and Pingliang city still have great potential for development in the future. (2) the factor endowment is the basic condition for the development of regional Chinese medicine industry; the relative low processing capacity restricts the promotion of the competitiveness of Chinese medicinal materials industry; (3) the strength of regional development and industrial increment with the support of industry. Effect and other indicators are the most important factor of development ability factor, which is the main factor affecting the overall competitiveness of Chinese medicinal materials industry.2. wholesale market model. The cooperative model, the third party logistics mode and the company model are the main modes of the current Chinese medicine industry chain operation. The phenomenon of "selling hard to buy expensive" is caused by symmetry, but as the traditional operation mode, its survival time is long and the form of transaction is simple. It is the main operation mode of the Longxi traditional Chinese medicine industry chain at present. As the mainstream mode of the development of Chinese medicine industry, the company model has effectively relieved the "difficult" dilemma of the drug farmers and provided the technology for it. The appearance of the new operation model represented by the cooperative mode and the third party logistics model not only improves the operation efficiency of the Chinese herbal medicine industry chain, but also brings great convenience to the participants, but also reduces the cost and risk of the drug farmers, but these two models. It is still in the initial stage, and the promotion and popularization of the future need more time for.3. operation efficiency is the key to evaluate the effect of the traditional Chinese medicine industry chain model. The operation cost, operating cost rate, operating profit rate and producer ratio are used as indicators to measure the operation efficiency of the Chinese medicine industry chain. The operation efficiency of the cooperative model is the highest when the cost rate is measured, and when the profit rate is measured, the order of the profit rate of the four operating modes is the cooperative model (36.090%) the wholesale market model (34.910%) the third party logistics model (34.182%) and the company model (25.2733%), and the operation efficiency of the cooperative model is the highest. The wholesale market model, the third party logistics model, the cooperative mode and the company model are 48.892%, 49.560%, 53.634% and 58.470% respectively, with the producer sharing ratio as the measurement index, and the proportion of producers in the company mode is the highest and the wholesale market model is the lowest. From the point of view of the drug farmers, the company model is the best mode to realize the increase of the income of the drug farmers,.4.. "Stability", construction of the impact index system of the stability evaluation of the industrial chain of Chinese medicinal materials, and using the structural equation model to find out that the uncertainty of supply and demand is the key to the stable operation of the industrial chain of Chinese medicinal materials; although the distribution of benefits is not directly affected by the stability of the industrial chain, the price fluctuation, the distribution of interests and the external ring are not affected. The risk sharing and loss sharing mechanism of government, banks and insurance companies is not only conducive to the quality assurance of Chinese medicine, but also to the stability and orderly operation of the industrial chain.
【学位授予单位】：甘肃农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F326.12

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