贫困山区农村衰落的特征及诊断——以重庆市酉阳县为例

发布时间：2018-06-19 23:13

本文选题：贫困山区 + 衰落　；参考：《资源科学》2017年06期

【摘要】：自然资源禀赋差,土地人口承载力低,交通不便,公共服务基础设施差,是贫困山区的基本特征,贫困山区也因此成为人口和产业离心区、生态脆弱区。本文以重庆市酉阳县为例,选取典型村,采用参与式评估、遥感影像和GIS相结合的方法,从微观尺度分析贫困山区农村土地利用演变特征,揭示农村衰落的原因和规律。结果表明:(1)研究区农村衰落程度严重,植被覆盖率升高,耕地向林草地转变;同时,耕地面积萎缩、聚拢,细碎化程度降低;伴随人口过疏化和老龄化,农村建设用地使用率低,经历由单一到多样,再单一的衰减过程,教育等公共基础服务设施缺位严重;(2)研究区农村衰落的原因包括农业生计资源匮乏、难以实现农业机械化、聚居分散和城乡比较效益大、农民生活追求的提高以及农业政策实施难度大;(3)建立以人口流失率、常住人口老龄化率、宅基地萎缩率和耕地变化率4个衰落指标为主的农村衰落诊断方法,诊断表明,研究区农村衰落主要发生在边远山区,距离城镇近、区位优越的农村未表现出衰落。当前农村土地整治和扶贫工作应尊重客观规律,科学制定乡村规划,依靠山区生态系统自我修复、引导人口外迁为主,撂荒耕地择优流转,而复垦未来必然衰落的农村居民点,肯定造成过程性浪费。
[Abstract]:Poor natural resource endowment, low carrying capacity of land population, inconvenient transportation and poor public service infrastructure are the basic characteristics of poor mountainous areas. This paper takes Youyang County of Chongqing as an example, selects typical villages, adopts the method of participatory assessment, remote sensing image and GIS, analyzes the characteristics of rural land use evolution in poor mountainous areas from the microscopic scale, and reveals the causes and rules of rural decline. The results showed that the decline of rural areas in the study area was serious, the vegetation coverage increased, the cultivated land changed to forest and grassland, at the same time, the cultivated land area shrank, converged, and the degree of fragmentation decreased, with the population thinning and aging. Rural construction land use rate is low, experienced from single to diverse, and then a single attenuation process, education and other public infrastructure facilities lack of serious decline in rural areas, including the lack of agricultural livelihood resources, it is difficult to achieve agricultural mechanization. It is difficult to improve the life of farmers and to implement agricultural policies, which is based on the rate of population loss and the rate of aging of the permanent resident population. The diagnostic methods of the decline rate of homestead and the change rate of cultivated land mainly in rural areas show that the decline of rural areas in the study area is mainly in the remote mountainous areas, which is close to the cities and towns, and does not show decline in the rural areas with superior location. At present, the rural land renovation and poverty alleviation work should respect the objective law, make the rural planning scientifically, rely on the self-repair of the mountain ecosystem, guide the population to move from the outside, abandon the cultivated land to choose the best circulation, and reclaim the rural settlements which will inevitably decline in the future. It must be a waste of process.
【作者单位】：中国农业大学资源与环境学院;天津工业大学管理学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(41271111)
【分类号】：F327

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