巴布亚新几内亚农林复合经济研究

发布时间：2018-06-21 14:41

本文选题：巴布亚新几内亚 + 农林复合经济　；参考：《聊城大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：从地理上看,南太平洋地区位于我国的东南部,中间只隔着一个国家——菲律宾。在这一地区,除了澳大利亚以外,面积最大、人口最多的国家是巴布亚新几内亚(以下简称巴新)。相对于其他国家,我国对包括巴新在内的这一地区和国家的宏观性研究较多,基础性研究较少。本文属基础性研究,主要关注巴新农林复合经济的发展历程、在国民经济中的地位、影响其发展的因素和未来的发展方向等。在巴新,大约在距今约10000年以前就有了农业。巴新的近代历史可分为两个时期,近代前期和殖民地时期。在近代前期,随着西方人的到来,以甘薯为代表的大量外来农作物传入巴新,甘薯成为巴新人民的主要食物来源。在殖民地时期,西方人除继续带来新物种外,还开辟种植园。这改变了当地的农业结构,巴新农民开始种植以销售换取货币收入为目的的经济性树作物。自1940年以后,经济性树作物如椰树、咖啡、可可等的种植更加广泛,以同时种植树作物和粮食作物为内容的农林复合经济迅速发展起来。在当代巴新,农林复合经济的类型主要有三种,即传统的刀耕火种型、林作(tagungya)型、综合间作型。其中,综合间作型的农林复合经济,能够最大限度地提高产出率,具有很大的发展潜力。影响巴新农林复合经济发展的因素,主要有历史传统、种植者的利益、国家利益和国家政策、教育技术和环境效益五个方面。站在整体经济的角度看,农林复合经济能够缓解巴新经济结构中的二元化矛盾,完善其国民经济体系;站在一般民众的角度看,它是一种最佳的生产、生活方式;如果着眼于未来,它对于巴新的经济发展具有基础性的意义。现在,巴新每年都要进口大量的大米,如何实现国内的大米自给将是巴新农业的下一步发展方向。
[Abstract]:Geographically, the South Pacific lies in the southeastern part of our country, separated by a country, the Philippines. The largest and most populous country in the region, apart from Australia, is Papua New Guinea. Compared with other countries, China has done more macro research and less basic research on this area and country including PNG. This paper is a basic research, focusing on the development process of Paxin agroforestry complex economy, its status in the national economy, the factors that affect its development and the future development direction, etc. Agriculture began about 10,000 years ago in PNG. Pakistan's modern history can be divided into two periods, the early modern period and the colonial period. In the early modern period, with the arrival of Westerners, a large number of exotic crops, represented by sweet potatoes, were introduced into Paxin, and sweet potato became the main food source for the people of Paxin. In colonial times, westerners, in addition to bringing new species, opened plantations. This changed the local agricultural structure, and Pakistani farmers began planting economic tree crops for sale in exchange for money. Since 1940, the economic tree crops such as coconut, coffee, cocoa and so on have been planted more widely, and the agroforestry compound economy, which combines the planting of tree crops and food crops, has developed rapidly. In contemporary Paxin, there are three main types of agroforestry complex economy, namely, traditional slash-and-burn type, forest type and tagungyya type, and comprehensive intercropping type. Among them, the comprehensive intercropping agriculture and forestry compound economy can increase the output rate to the maximum extent, has the very big development potential. The factors that affect the development of Paxin agroforestry economy mainly include five aspects: historical tradition, the interests of growers, national interests and policies, educational technology and environmental benefits. From the point of view of the whole economy, the agri-forestry compound economy can alleviate the dualistic contradiction in the structure of the new economy of Pakistan, perfect its national economic system, from the point of view of the general public, it is the best way of production and life. If focus on the future, it is of fundamental significance to the economic development of PNG. Now, PNG imports a lot of rice every year, so how to realize rice self-sufficiency will be the next development direction of PNG agriculture.
【学位授予单位】：聊城大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F361.3;K613

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