人力资本积累对回流农民工再就业选择影响的研究

发布时间：2018-06-23 20:05

本文选题：人力资本积累 + 回流农民工　；参考：《云南财经大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着我国产业结构调整,经济发展方式不断改变,东西部经济平衡被打破,大量产业出现从东部地区逐渐向中西部地区转移的趋势。在全球金融危机后的数年里,受到中西部地区惠农政策的影响,东部的农民工回到家乡进行就业或者创业的环境有所改善,大量农民工主动或者被动离开城市,回到家乡。农民工失业返回家乡,不仅影响农村的和谐发展,而且农民工自身的生存也遇到了巨大的挑战,因此,政府必须关注回流农民工的生存情况,维护回流农民工的基本权利。而回流农民工在外打工期间接受了职业教育,增长了见识,积累了人力资本,那么积累的人力资本会如何影响回流农民工的再就业选择?面对回流农民工的失业问题,我们如何解决,如何满足回流农民工的生存和发展的需要,这是我们必须关注的问题。本文首先利用2016年发布的农民工监测报告,结合问卷调查的数据,总结回流农民工的现状,发现回流农民工的再就业出现了很多问题,这些问题包括回流农民工自身素质和技能不高,存在就业隔离;社会网络支持不足,就业信息渠道狭窄;政府政策支持不足,政策落实不到位等。其次,人力资本的积累对回流农民工的再就业选择产生巨大的影响。回流农民工的再就业决策是个人面对风险和收入时的理性选择,回流农民工的有限理性受到人力资本禀赋的巨大影响。通过实证分析研究发现,受教育程度高的回流农民工更倾向于选择到企业打工;接受过职业培训的回流农民工更倾向于到企业打工和自主创业;在外打工年限更长的回流农民工更倾向于选择自主创业。相对于女性农民工,男性农民工在回流之后更容易就业,年龄越大的农民工越不容易就业,身体状况好的农民工更容易就业。最后,本文提出了促进回流农民工就业的建议。政府需要完善回流农民工就业的政策,强化针对回流农民工的就业服务,开展职业技能培训;鼓励具备物质资本和人力资本的农民工回流创业,完善相应的政策扶持体系;积极承接中小企业,增加就业岗位。而作为回流农民工,需要提升自身的素质,增强就业竞争力,积极寻求帮助,以自主创业带动就业。社会方面要转变对回流农民工的态度,积极吸收回流农民工,并且提供相应的福利待遇,降低回流农民工的就业风险。
[Abstract]:With the adjustment of China's industrial structure and the constant change of the mode of economic development, the economic balance between the east and the west has been broken, and a large number of industries have been gradually transferred from the eastern region to the central and western regions. In the years after the global financial crisis, affected by the preferential agricultural policies in the central and western regions, the environment for migrant workers in the east to return to their hometown for employment or entrepreneurship has improved, and a large number of migrant workers have left the city actively or passively and returned to their hometown. The unemployment of migrant workers returning to their hometown not only affects the harmonious development of rural areas, but also faces enormous challenges for their own survival. Therefore, the government must pay attention to the living conditions of returning migrant workers and safeguard the basic rights of migrant workers. But the migrant workers received vocational education, increased their knowledge and accumulated human capital, so how will the accumulation of human capital affect the re-employment options of migrant workers? In the face of the unemployment problem of migrant workers, we must pay attention to how to solve and meet the needs of survival and development of migrant workers. First of all, using the monitoring report of migrant workers released in 2016 and the data of questionnaire survey, this paper summarizes the current situation of returning migrant workers and finds that there are many problems in re-employment of returned migrant workers. These problems include low quality and skills of migrant workers, employment isolation; insufficient social network support, narrow employment information channels; inadequate government policy support, policy implementation and so on. Secondly, the accumulation of human capital has a great influence on the reemployment choice of migrant workers. The reemployment decision of migrant workers is a rational choice for individuals to face risks and income. The limited rationality of migrant workers is greatly influenced by human capital endowment. Through the empirical analysis, it is found that the highly educated migrant workers are more likely to choose to work in enterprises, and those who have received vocational training tend to work in enterprises and to start their own businesses. Migrant workers with longer working years are more likely to choose to start their own businesses. Compared with female migrant workers, male migrant workers are more likely to be employed after returning, the older migrant workers are less likely to be employed, the better off migrant workers are more likely to be employed. Finally, the paper puts forward some suggestions to promote the employment of migrant workers. The government needs to improve the policy of returning migrant workers employment, strengthen the employment services for migrant workers, carry out vocational skills training, encourage migrant workers with material capital and human capital to return to start their own businesses, and improve the corresponding policy support system. Actively undertake small and medium-sized enterprises, increase employment positions. As migrant workers, we need to improve their own quality, enhance the competitiveness of employment, actively seek help to promote employment. In the social aspect, we should change the attitude towards the returned migrant workers, absorb them actively, and provide the corresponding welfare treatment to reduce the employment risk of the returned migrant workers.
【学位授予单位】：云南财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F323.6;F249.2

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