江西省土地利用生态安全格局

发布时间：2018-06-25 00:42

本文选题：土地利用变化 + 生态环境效应　；参考：《江西师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：2001年以来,在“以工业化为核心,以大开放为主战略”的发展思路指引下,江西兴起工业园区建设的热潮,工业化和城镇化进程实现跨越式发展。近几年来,在鄱阳湖生态经济区、赣南等原中央苏区、赣江新区、赣东北扩大开放合作、赣西经济转型等国家层级和省域层级国土空间开发战略的交织与叠加下,江西省各区域板块将实现快速发展,江西省“龙头昂起、两翼齐飞、苏区振兴”的区域发展战略目标将逐步实现。因而,高速的工业化和城镇化进程及省域经济格局的重塑势必对江西省国土开发格局、方向、强度产生深远影响,厘清土地资源开发过程土地利用变化强度与速率、用途转换、驱动机制及其生态环境效应,是江西区域发展和生态建设需要面对的重要课题。土地利用变化作为揭示区域生态安全格局的重要视角,借助RS/GIS等技术手段,利用土地利用数据的易得性和高效性,可实现对区域土地利用生态安全状况的动态评估,进而构建土地利用生态安全格局,为区域土地资源可持续利用与生态系统保护和管理提供借鉴。从结构特征、动态度特征、空间转移特征、景观特征四个方面分析和探讨了江西省2005-2013年土地利用时空变化特征,随着建设用地急剧扩张和耕地面积锐减,研究区土地利用结构发生明显变化,林地和耕地是江西省主要用地类型,动态度分析显示江西省土地利用变化速度呈下降趋势,各地类增减变化差异显著,依据动态度将江西省划分为急剧变化、快速变化、慢速变化、极慢变化四种不同类型区。耕地与建设用地、林地三者之间的用途转换占主导地位,非农化特征突出。江西省景观特征表现为景观异质性减弱、景观均衡性增强、景观破碎度上升。从生态风险、生境质量两个层面对江西省土地利用变化的生态环境效应进行探讨。构建了基于土地利用结构的生态风险评价模型,结果显示,在土地利用转移非农化背景下,土地利用生态风险呈小幅上升趋势,在空间分布上具有显著相关性,依据空间差值结果可将研究区划分为低生态风险区、较低生态风险区、中等生态风险区、较高生态风险区、高生态风险区5类,高风险区域主要分布在滨湖区、南昌、九江及赣中部分地区,生态风险等级分布与地形存在显著相关性,随着生态风险等级提高,分布区域表现出明显的地形指向性。基于INVEST生境质量模块的评估结果表明,土地利用变化剧烈的鄱阳湖五河流域(赣江、抚河、信江、饶河、修水)生境质量时空分异性较强,赣江流域最为突出,各流域生境质量状况具有一定的分段特征。土地利用变化下的生境质量与生态风险呈负相关关系,二者结果具有较好的相互验证关系。生态安全格局方面:在土地利用变化及其生态效应综合研究的基础上,从生态安全和土地资源的可持续利用角度出发,进一步探求构建江西省土地利用生态安全格局。从斑块面积、生态系统服务价值、生境质量角度对研究区生态用地综合评价,识别和提取了研究区生态源地,从地形地貌、生态环境、景观空间格局等方面选取7项指标构建了生态源地的综合扩张阻力表面,借助ArcGIS距离分析模块,运用最小累积阻力模型计算得到研究区生态源地扩张最小累积阻力值。进一步进行生态分区。在此基础上,借助ArcGIS最小耗费路径工具及水文分析模块,分别提取了研究区潜在生态廊道和辐射通道,形成了江西省生态廊道网络。生态源/汇点、生态源地、生态廊道、生态分区等生态空间组分,共同构建了包含“点—线—区”的多层次多要素的综合生态安全格局。
[Abstract]:Since 2001, under the guidance of the development of "the core of industrialization and the strategy of big opening up", Jiangxi has developed an upsurge of industrial park construction. The process of industrialization and urbanization has achieved great leap forward development. In recent years, in the Poyang Lake eco economic zone, the southern Jiangxi Province, the Ganjiang new area, the Northeast Jiangxi Province expanded open cooperation and the West Jiangxi Province. With the interweaving and superposition of national and provincial level land space development strategies, the regional plates of Jiangxi province will achieve rapid development. The regional development strategy of Jiangxi province "leading, two wings and the revitalization of the Soviet Area" will be gradually realized. Therefore, the high speed industrialization and urbanization process and the economic pattern of the province will be heavy. It is bound to have a profound influence on the pattern, direction and intensity of the land development in Jiangxi province. To clarify the intensity and rate of land use change in the development process of land resources, the conversion of use, the driving mechanism and the ecological environment effect, is an important subject that the regional development and ecological construction in Jiangxi need to face. Land use change is used to reveal the regional ecological security. The important perspective of the pattern, with the help of RS/GIS and other technical means, using the availability and efficiency of land use data, can realize the dynamic assessment of the ecological security situation of regional land use, and then construct the ecological security pattern of land use, and provide reference for the sustainable utilization of land resources and the protection and management of the ecosystem. The characteristics of spatial and temporal change of land use in Jiangxi province for 2005-2013 years were analyzed and discussed in four aspects. The land use structure of the study area changed obviously with the rapid expansion of construction land and the sharp decrease of cultivated land area. The forest land and cultivated land were the main land-use types in Jiangxi Province, and the dynamic degree analysis showed that the dynamic degree analysis showed that the land use structure of the study area was the main land use type. The change rate of land use change in Jiangxi province is declining, and the variation of various types of land use and decrease is significant. According to the dynamic degree, Jiangxi province is divided into four different types, which are rapid change, slow change and very slow change. The conversion of cultivated land and construction land, the conversion of the use of the three of the woodland is dominant, and the characteristics of non agricuction are prominent. The Jiangxi province is a scenic spot. The features of landscape heterogeneity are the weakening of landscape heterogeneity, the enhancement of landscape equilibrium and the increase of landscape fragmentation. The ecological environmental effects of land use change in Jiangxi province are discussed from two layers of ecological risk and habitat quality. An ecological risk assessment model based on land use structure is constructed. The results show that the land use transfer is not agricultural background. On the other hand, the ecological risk of land use has a small upward trend and has a significant correlation in spatial distribution. According to the spatial difference results, the research areas can be divided into low ecological risk areas, low ecological risk areas, medium ecological risk areas, high ecological risk areas and high ecological risk areas, and high risk areas are mainly distributed in the lake area, Nanchang, Jiujiang. There is a significant correlation between the ecological risk grade distribution and the terrain in the middle part of the central Jiangxi Province. With the increase of the ecological risk grade, the distribution region shows obvious terrain directivity. The evaluation results based on the INVEST habitat quality module show that the Poyang Lake five river basin (Ganjiang, Fu River, Xinjiang, Rao River and water repair) habitats with severe land use changes The spatial and temporal diversity is strong and the Ganjiang River Basin is the most prominent. The quality of each watershed has a certain segment characteristics. The habitat quality under the land use changes has a negative correlation with the ecological risk. The two results have a better mutual validation relationship. On the basis of the ecological security and the sustainable utilization of land resources, the ecological security pattern of land use in Jiangxi province is further explored and constructed. From the patch area, the ecosystem service value and the habitat quality, the ecological land of the study area is evaluated comprehensively, and the ecological source area of the study area is identified and extracted, from the topographic landform and the ecological environment. In the landscape spatial pattern and so on, 7 indexes are selected to construct the comprehensive expansion resistance surface of the ecological source area. With the help of the ArcGIS distance analysis module, the minimum cumulative resistance value of the ecological source expansion in the study area is calculated by the minimum cumulative resistance model. On the basis of this, the ArcGIS minimum cost path tool is used. The hydrological analysis module has extracted the potential ecological corridors and radiation channels in the study area, and formed the ecological corridor network in Jiangxi Province, ecological source / sink, ecological source land, ecological corridor, ecological zoning and other ecological space components, together to construct a comprehensive ecological security pattern including multi elements of "point to line area".
【学位授予单位】：江西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X171;F301.24

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