我国家庭农场发展的障碍及其完善对策研究

发布时间：2018-07-01 09:13

本文选题：家庭农场 + 新型农业经营主体　；参考：《中南民族大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着我国工业化、城镇化的不断推进,农村劳动力大量向城镇和非农产业转移,农村呈现“空心化,老龄化”状态,给我国粮食安全造成了巨大威胁,“谁来种地,由谁种地”等问题不断凸显。2013年中央一号文件也提出:“农业生产经营组织创新是推进现代农业建设的核心,要扶持专业大户、家庭农场、农民合作社、龙头企业等新型生产经营主体”,家庭农场发展由此被提上日程。家庭农场作为农业新型经营主体的重要组成部分,将成为当前及今后推动我国现代农业发展的重要力量。本文将以我国家庭农场为研究对象,在梳理家庭农场相关文献的基础之上,首先从列宁—恰亚诺夫之争开始,分析家庭农场的存在的原因。其次,回顾建国以来我国农业生产经营制度的演变历程,从中观察到我国的农业生产经营制度演变遵循着由小农再到集体小农最后又回归小农的逻辑,进而分析我国发展家庭农场的必要性,即符合生产力理论、符合农业生产二重性的要求、是发展现代农业的必由之路、是城镇化发展的动力以及农业可持续发展的需求等。再次,对我国家庭农场的发展现状和问题进行了分析,其中,除了对家庭农场的总体现状进行介绍外,还分析了目前我国较为典型的几种家庭农场发展模式,如松江模式、宁波模式、郎溪模式、武汉模式、延边模式,并对我国家庭农场的规模效益进行定量分析,进而分析我国家庭农场存在的问题,即土地流转不规范、农业基础设施建设不完善、农民的教育程度较低、农业生态环境保护意识较薄弱、农民缺乏资金支持、农业生产服务体系有待提高七方面问题。在分析我国家庭农场问题的同时,本文还运用横向比较方法,研究世界上农业现代化程度较高的发达国家发展家庭农场的经验,文章主要选取了地广人稀的美国和人多地少的日本两个样本进行分析。本文认为,美国发展家庭农场主要有生产呈专业化和多样化并存、农场兼业化趋势明显、政府对农场补贴力度大、家庭农场效益高等经验;而日本发展家庭农场的经验则是依靠农协的扶持,以及对土地的高效利用两方面。最后,总结国内外发展家庭农场的经验教训,为我国未来发展家庭农场提出相应的政策和建议。这些政策建议有,坚持家庭承包责任制,同步推进多种形式农业经营主体发展;加快农村土地确权,规范土地流转制度;加强农业基础设施建设,为农业发展提供物质保障;加强农村人才队伍的建设,提高农业经营管理水平;鼓励农民兼业,以提高农民收入水平;加强农业生态保护,实现农业可持续发展;深化农村金融改革,为农业经营主体发展提供资金支持;完善农业生产服务体系,推进农业一体化进程。
[Abstract]:With the development of industrialization and urbanization in our country, the rural labor force has been transferred to cities and towns and non-agricultural industries. The rural areas are "empty and aging", which poses a great threat to the food security of our country. "who is going to farm the land?" The number one document of the Central Committee in 2013 also pointed out: "the innovation of agricultural production and management organizations is the core of promoting modern agricultural construction. We should support professional large households, family farms, and farmers' cooperatives," he said. Leading enterprises and other new production and management of the main body, family farm development has been put on the agenda. As an important part of new agricultural management, family farm will become an important force to promote the development of modern agriculture in China. This paper will take the family farm in our country as the research object, on the basis of combing the family farm related literature, begin with Lenin-Chayanov 's argument, analyze the reason of the family farm's existence. Secondly, after reviewing the evolution of agricultural production and management system since the founding of the people's Republic of China, it is observed that the evolution of agricultural production and management system in our country follows the logic of returning to small farmers from small farmers to collective small farmers. Then it analyzes the necessity of developing family farms in our country, that is, it accords with the theory of productive forces, meets the requirement of duality of agricultural production, is the only way to develop modern agriculture, is the motive force of urbanization and the demand of sustainable development of agriculture, and so on. Thirdly, the development status and problems of family farm in China are analyzed. In addition to introducing the general situation of family farm, it also analyzes several typical family farm development models in China, such as Songjiang model. Ningbo model, Lang Xi model, Wuhan model, Yanbian model, and the quantitative analysis of family farm scale benefit in China, and then analyze the problems of family farm in our country, that is, land circulation is not standardized, agricultural infrastructure construction is not perfect, The farmer's education level is low, the agricultural ecological environment protection consciousness is weak, the farmer lacks the fund support, and the agricultural production service system needs to be improved in seven aspects. At the same time of analyzing the problem of family farm in our country, this paper also studies the experience of developing family farm in developed countries with high degree of agricultural modernization by using horizontal comparison method. This paper mainly selects two samples of the United States and Japan, which are sparsely populated and less populated. This paper holds that the development of family farms in the United States mainly has the experience of specialization and diversification of production, obvious trend of concurrent farming, strong subsidy to farms by the government, and high efficiency of family farms. Japan's experience in developing family farms depends on the support of farmers' associations and the efficient use of land. Finally, the experiences and lessons of developing family farms at home and abroad are summarized, and corresponding policies and suggestions are put forward for the future development of family farms in China. These policy suggestions include: adhering to the household contract responsibility system, simultaneously promoting the development of various forms of agricultural management subjects, speeding up the confirmation of rural land rights, standardizing the land transfer system, strengthening the construction of agricultural infrastructure, and providing material protection for agricultural development; Strengthening the construction of rural talents, improving the level of agricultural management and management, encouraging farmers to work concurrently in order to raise farmers' income level, strengthening agricultural ecological protection, realizing sustainable agricultural development, deepening rural financial reform, To provide financial support for the development of the main body of agricultural management, improve the agricultural production service system, and promote the process of agricultural integration.
【学位授予单位】：中南民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F324.1

【相似文献】