新疆渭干河—库车河三角洲绿洲耕地时空变化特征分析

发布时间：2018-07-02 11:33

本文选题：渭干河—库车河三角洲绿洲 + 土地利用/土地覆被　；参考：《中国农业科学》2017年18期

【摘要】：【目的】耕地资源的变化特征是土地利用与土地覆被变化研究的重要内容,也是关系到耕地安全与粮食安全的重大问题。新疆作为中国农业用地较多和后备耕地资源较大的省区,在中国耕地资源保护和持续利用中具有突出地位。渭库绿洲是新疆最典型的荒漠绿洲区,是阿克苏地区最大的灌溉区及新疆重要的产棉区之一,深入了解该绿洲耕地分布及其变化过程,对指导该绿洲农业发展,保障生态安全至关重要。【方法】本研究以遥感资料为数据源,选取动态度、区位指数和板块密度等地理计量模型揭示渭库绿洲近21 a来耕地的时空变化特征,分析其变化的主要原因。【结果】(1)近21a年渭库绿洲耕地发生了显著的时空变化。耕地面积从1994年的2 488km2增加到2015年的3 931 km2,研究期间增加了1 443 km2,耕地面积的比例从17%上升到26%,年均变化量68.71km2,年均变化率2.7%;耕地扩展中心逐渐由绿洲中上游转移到下游,并延伸到绿洲外围,主要表现以耕地为主的农业用地和建设用地为主的非农业用地增加,以及盐渍地和水域大面积减少;(2)从区位指数来看,各县的区位指数存在一定的差异,其中新和县的耕地区位指数均排在第一位,耕地聚集程度远高于全区平均和其他地区,沙雅县的耕地区位指数位于第二,聚集程度也高于全区平均值,库车县的耕地区位指数最小。【结论】经过近21 a的耕地扩展,耕地景观由已杂乱破碎斑块逐渐连接成片,耕地景观的优势进一步增加。降水和径流的增加为渭库绿洲耕地扩展提供了相对有利的气候条件,水利建设与人口增长是影响该绿洲耕地面积变化的主要原因。本研究提出的分析方法能快速、客观反映区域耕地格局的动态变化过程和差异特征,为耕地时空变化研究提供了一种新思路。
[Abstract]:[objective] the change characteristic of cultivated land resource is the important content of land use and land cover change research, and it is also a major problem related to cultivated land security and food security. Xinjiang, as a province with more agricultural land and larger reserve cultivated land resources, plays a prominent role in the protection and sustainable utilization of cultivated land resources in China. Weiku oasis is the most typical desert oasis area in Xinjiang, the largest irrigation area in Aksu area and one of the important cotton producing areas in Xinjiang. It is very important to ensure ecological security. [methods] based on remote sensing data sources, this study selected geographic measurement models, such as dynamic degree, location index and plate density, to reveal the temporal and spatial characteristics of cultivated land in Weiku oasis in recent 21 years. [results] (1) in recent 21 years, the cultivated land in Weiku oasis has undergone significant temporal and spatial changes. The cultivated land area increased from 2 488km2 in 1994 to 3 931 km2 in 2015. During the study period, the cultivated land area increased by 1 443 km2, the proportion of cultivated land area increased from 17% to 26 km2, the average annual change amount was 68.71 km2, and the average annual change rate was 2.7%, and the cultivated land extension center gradually moved from the middle and upper reaches of the oasis to the lower reaches. And extended to the periphery of the oasis, mainly showing the increase of agricultural land mainly cultivated land and non-agricultural land mainly used for construction, as well as the decrease of salinized land and large area of water area. (2) from the location index point of view, there are some differences in the location index of each county. The cultivated land location index of Xinhe County is ranked first, the degree of cultivated land aggregation is much higher than the average of the whole region and other regions, and the cultivated land location index of Shaya County is in the second place, and the aggregation degree is also higher than the average value of the whole region. [conclusion] after the expansion of cultivated land for nearly 21 years, the cultivated land landscape was gradually connected into pieces from scattered patches, and the superiority of cultivated land landscape was further increased. The increase of precipitation and runoff provides relatively favorable climatic conditions for the expansion of cultivated land in Weiku oasis. Water conservancy construction and population growth are the main reasons that affect the change of cultivated land area in this oasis. The analytical method proposed in this study can reflect the dynamic change process and difference characteristics of regional cultivated land pattern objectively and provide a new way of thinking for the study of temporal and spatial change of cultivated land.
【作者单位】：新疆大学资源与环境科学学院;新疆大学绿洲生态教育部重点实验室;新疆维吾尔自治区农业资源区划办公室;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金(41361016,40901163,41130531,41561089) 新疆大学博士启动基金(BS120116) 新疆维吾尔科技厅基金(2014KL005,2013711014)
【分类号】：F323.211

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