黄土高原典型流域退耕还林土地利用变化及其合理性评价

发布时间：2018-07-05 01:54

本文选题：土地利用 + 遥感　；参考：《农业工程学报》2017年07期

【摘要】：黄土高原大规模退耕还林使得该区土地利用结构发生了深刻变化,区域生态环境得到了明显改善。研究由此引起的土地利用变化及其合理性,对于加快黄土高原植被恢复、控制黄河泥沙以及实现区域经济社会可持续发展等具有十分重要的理论意义和应用价值。该文应用遥感(remote sensing,RS)和地理信息系统(geographic information system,GIS)技术对黄土高原典型流域清水河流域2000-2014年土地利用变化特征进行了分析,并通过构建判别准则体系对土地利用变化的合理性进行了评价。结果表明,该流域实施退耕还林工程以来,土地利用结构发生了重大变化,主要土地利用类型耕地、园地、林地和草地的比例由2000年的1:0.06:2.05:3.95大幅度调整至2014年的1:3.22:12.03:5.51,其变化经历了3个阶段:2000-2005年以退耕还林及其配套措施为主,重点突出了工程的生态效益,土地利用变化合理度为78.60%,属于低度合理;2006-2009年在继续推进荒山造林和封禁的同时,大力开展基本农田与果园建设,兼顾了生态、经济与社会效益,土地利用变化合理度为91.71%,进入高度合理状态;2010-2014年进一步加大苹果产业发展力度,重点突出了经济效益,土地利用变化合理度为95.20%,延续了高度合理态势。建议新一轮退耕还林工程应注意严格控制新的退耕,保护经营好现有林地,适当控制园地规模。
[Abstract]:The large-scale conversion of cropland to forest in the Loess Plateau has caused profound changes in the land use structure in the region and the regional ecological environment has been obviously improved. The study on the land use change and its rationality is of great theoretical significance and practical value in accelerating vegetation restoration, controlling the sediment of the Yellow River and realizing the sustainable development of regional economy and society on the Loess Plateau. In this paper, the characteristics of land use change in Qingshui River Basin of the Loess Plateau from 2000 to 2014 are analyzed by using remote sensing RS and (geographic information system GIS. The rationality of land use change is evaluated by constructing discriminant criterion system. The results show that the structure of land use has changed greatly since the implementation of the project of returning farmland to forestry in this basin, and the main types of land use are cultivated land and garden land. The ratio of forestland to grassland has been greatly adjusted from 1: 0.06: 2.05: 3.95 in 2000 to 1: 3.22: 12.035.51 in 2014. The ratio of forestland to grassland has undergone three stages: 2000-2005, with the conversion of farmland to forest and its supporting measures being the main factor, with emphasis on the ecological benefits of the project. The rational degree of land use change is 78.60, which belongs to the low degree of rationality. In 2006-2009, while continuing to promote afforestation and closure of barren mountains, it vigorously carried out the construction of basic farmland and orchards, taking into account ecological, economic and social benefits. The rational degree of land use change is 91.71, entering into a highly reasonable state and further increasing the development of apple industry from 2010 to 2014, with emphasis on economic benefits, and the rational degree of land use change is 95.20, which continues the highly reasonable situation. It is suggested that the new project should strictly control the new conversion of farmland, protect and manage the existing forest land and properly control the scale of the garden land.
【作者单位】：北京林业大学水土保持学院国家林业局水土保持与荒漠化防治重点实验室;山西吉县森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站;
【基金】：国家科技支撑计划项目(2015BAD07B030303)
【分类号】：F301.2

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