土地流转对粮食安全的影响研究

发布时间：2018-07-06 07:11

本文选题：土地流转 + 非粮化　；参考：《长江大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：粮食是人类赖以生存,繁衍需要的最基本的生活资料。中国有句古话“民以食为天”很好的诠释了粮食的重要性。中国作为世界上的粮食生产和消耗大国,中国的粮食安全问题是与中国经济的发展和社会稳定的全局性重大战略问题。自从21世纪以来,尽管中国的粮食产量已经在近十年呈现出连年增长的趋势,但总体的粮食供应形势仍然不容乐观,粮食产量在近年来一直处于需求大于供给的处境。然而在未来我们的人口快速增长,耕地面积却处于连年削减的状态,国内居民日益增长的消费水平的进一步提高都会进一步加剧这种现状。为了解决我国潜在的粮食危机,迫切的需要我们关注粮食安全问题。如何消除13亿人民在粮食安全方面的后顾之忧,让所有人都能吃的饱,吃的好,成了我国政府和人民亟待解决的首要问题。我国的总体粮食安全目前仍然处于紧平衡的状态,虽然粮食安全总体形势还不错,但尚未形成高效和系统的粮食安全保障体系。当前必须建立快速有效的土地流转模式,促进农地的规模化流转,从而达到农村土地集约化,规模化经营的目的,促进农业规模化经营,为保障农产品有效供给提供了有利条件,进而为保障国家粮食安全奠定了基础,有利于提高农业综合生产能力,对风险的预知、规避能力和市场竞争力,在市场竞争中处于有利位置,为推动现代农业发展的卓出了卓越的贡献。粮食安全问题作为国家农业发展的重点中的重点,一直在学术界受到广泛关注和热烈讨论。土地作为最重要的农业生产资料,如何对土地资源进行优化的配置,如何对土地资源进行有效的利用,成为了困扰我国人民和学术领域的一个共同问题。党的十八届三中全会《关于全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定》提出“在坚持和完善最严格的耕地保护制度前提下,赋予农民对承包地占有,使用,收益,流转和承包经营权抵押,担保权能”,引发了社会各界对土地流转问题的关注。保障粮食安全在我国具有重要的现实意义和战略意义。而土地作为粮食生产最基本的生产资料,所以如何在土地流转过程中保障我国的粮食安全自然而然的成为了当前社会上的热点话题。土地承包经营权的流转对粮食安全是具有双面性的,我们需要辩证的去对待土地流转问题。一方面,土地流转在一定的程度上能够解决土地细化和耕地撂荒问题,达到使粮食生产规模化,提高土地利用效率,促进农业科学技术的效果,这将有助于提高食品生产,食品保障安全。但在另一方面,土地流转越来越严重的“非粮化”,直接导致的后果就是粮食种植面积大量减少,对我国的粮食安全形势构成了巨大威胁。那么当前的土地承包经营权转让给中国的粮食安全是否产生了影响,导致什么样的影响,具体的影响机制是什么,在未来对我国的粮食安全造成了什么趋势,以及在不同的影响范围内是否会产生不同的效果,这些问题都必须引起我们的深思。为了制定政策来规范土地经营权的流转,保障我国的粮食安全形势,必须让这些问题得到有效的解决。土地承包经营权的流转,无论是对实现土地规模化经营,还是对提高土地利用效率都具有极强的推动作用,并对促进农业结构调整也有重要的作用。从家庭联产承包责任制开始施行,农民的积极性的得到了极大的激发,但同时也出现了很多问题,农业生产力的日益提高与农村土地工业化,城镇化进程的加快之间出现了冲突,土地承包经营权的流转出现了很多状况。比如说在一些地区,地方政府为了追求经济效益,加快农村发展,无限制的将农地租赁给工商业,导致耕地数量锐减,大量的肥沃土地出现了“非粮化”部分地区甚至出现了“非农化”的现象。随着中国社会的速度加快,土地资源分配问题成为核心资源转移和配置方面的不同用途的工业化和城市化。产生这一矛盾的根本原因是大量的农村土地在流转的过程中被流转为其他用途而产生了“非粮化”,对我国的粮食安全形势产生了严重的威胁,所以土地的用途才会被严格的限制。而在同一时间,在绝大多数非农化用途的项目中,土地所产生的边际效益都远远高于用于农业项目相对应的收入,这种能导致社会经济效益大幅度增长的现象,对资源的重新配置产生了巨大压力。矛盾的核心开发土地面积不能超越占用基本农田的行政指令,其实质是在由基本农田进行土地开发权,这些领域被剥夺分区政策。在一定程度上导致了资源配置效率的降低,同时也加剧了地方层面和国家层面的粮食安全利益直接冲突的发展。然而解决这种类似冲突最直接有效的方法,就是引入土地发展权这一概念的同时,且允许土地在一定的范围内自由的流转,用此来弥补管制所带来的效率丧失。基于粮食安全的重要性,粮食生产是土地生产要素,因此,如何保证粮食安全已经成为人们关注的土地承包经营权流转的焦点。土地承包经营权流转的结果具有两面性。一方面,土地流转在一定的程度上能够解决土地细化和耕地撂荒问题,达到使粮食生产规模化,提高土地利用效率,促进农业科学技术的效果,这将有助于提高食品生产,食品保障安全。但在另一方面,土地流转越来越严重的“非粮化”,直接导致的后果就是粮食种植面积大量减少,对我国的粮食安全形势构成了巨大威胁。那么当前的土地承包经营权转让给中国的粮食安全是一个影响,导致什么样的影响,如何影响趋势的未来影响,以及如何以及是否相同的不同区域的表现,这些都是值得我们关注的问题。为了制定一个清晰的政策澄清这些问题,同时促进土地承包经营权流转,确保我国粮食安全。与此同时,伴随着农业经营主体发展的多样化,农民在经营中的的经营主体地位产生了变化,使最初的以种粮大户为目标的经营实体逐步发展为以乡镇企业和农村信用合作社为导向,农户的主要经营项目是由主导种植其他谷物转向高产作物,在某种层面上这将使种植结构等多方面产生变化,这种变化会对农村家庭的收入产生一些利好,而且还可能影响食品供应安全区。因此,农民的承包与食品供应安全的区域循环的矛盾进行协调,以减轻农民的承包带来的压力流动的食品供应具有十分重要的意义。通过对能够有效保障粮食安全的土地流转模式做出探索和研究,能够为政府制定与土地流转的相关政策,以及选择保障粮食安全的土地流转模式作为参考,为土地规模化、集约化经营,保障耕地面积创造了物质上相当的有利条件。为提高我国粮食产量做出了卓越贡献,从而达到保障我国粮食安全的目的。
[Abstract]:Grain is the most basic life material that human beings depend on for survival and reproduction. China has an ancient Chinese saying that "people take food for heaven" is a good interpretation of the importance of grain. China's grain security is a major global strategic problem with the development of China's economy and social stability as a major grain production and consumption country in the world. Since twenty-first Century, although China's grain output has been growing in the past ten years, the overall grain supply situation is still not optimistic. Grain output has been in a situation of greater demand than supply in recent years. However, in the future, our population is growing rapidly, but the area of cultivated land is in a state of successive reduction. In order to solve the potential food crisis in our country, we need to pay attention to the food security problem. In order to solve the potential food crisis in China, we need to pay attention to the problem of food security. How to eliminate the worries about the food security of the 1 billion 300 million people so that all people can eat and eat well is an urgent matter for the government and the people of our country. The main problem to be solved is that the overall food security of our country is still in a tight balance. Although the overall situation of food security is still good, it has not yet formed an efficient and systematic food security system. It is necessary to establish a rapid and effective land transfer model to promote the scale of rural land circulation so as to achieve the rural land collection. The purpose of intensive and large-scale management, to promote the large-scale operation of agriculture, provides favorable conditions for guaranteeing the effective supply of agricultural products, and thus lays a foundation for the security of national food security, and is conducive to improving the comprehensive agricultural production capacity, the risk foreknowledge, the evasion ability and the market competitiveness, in a favorable position in the market competition. The development of modern agriculture has made outstanding contributions. As the focal point of national agricultural development, grain security has been widely concerned and heated in academic circles. As the most important data of agricultural production, land is the most important material for agricultural production, how to optimize the allocation of land resources and how to make effective use of land resources. In the third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, the party's decision to deepen the reform of a number of major issues has been decided by the party, and put forward that, under the premise of upholding and perfecting the most stringent farmland protection system, the party gives farmers the possession, use, income, circulation and mortgage of the right to contracted management, and the power of guarantee, It has aroused the concern of all circles of society on the issue of land circulation. It is of great practical and strategic significance to ensure the security of grain in our country. As the most basic production data of grain production, land is a hot topic in the society at present, so how to ensure the food security of China in the process of land circulation is a hot topic in the society. The circulation of the contractual management right has two sides to the grain security. We need to treat the problem of land circulation dialectically. On the one hand, the land circulation can solve the problem of land refinement and arable land abandonment to a certain extent, so as to make the grain production scale, improve the efficiency of land use, and promote the effect of agricultural science and technology. To help improve food production and food security, on the other hand, the more and more serious "non grain" in the land circulation, the direct result is a large reduction in grain planting area, which poses a great threat to the food security situation in China. What is the impact, what's the impact and the specific impact mechanism, what's the trend in the future of food security in China, and whether there will be different effects in the different scope of impact, which must cause us to think deeply. In order to formulate policies to regulate the circulation of land management rights and guarantee the grain of our country The situation of food safety must be solved effectively. The circulation of land contract management right has a very strong impetus to the realization of land scale management and the improvement of land use efficiency. It also plays an important role in promoting the adjustment of agricultural structure. The enthusiasm has been greatly stimulated, but at the same time, there are many problems. There is a conflict between the increasing agricultural productivity and the industrialization of rural land and the accelerated process of urbanization. The circulation of land contract management right has appeared in many situations. For example, in some areas, the local government has accelerated the rural areas in order to pursue economic benefits. Development, unrestricted land leasing to industry and commerce, resulting in a sharp decline in the number of cultivated land, a large number of fertile land in the "non grain" part of the region even appeared in the "non agricultural" phenomenon. With the speed of Chinese society, the distribution of land resources has become a different use of the core resources transfer and allocation of industrialization and city of different uses. The fundamental reason for this contradiction is that a large number of rural land has been transferred to other uses in the process of circulation, and it has produced "non grain", which poses a serious threat to the food security situation in our country, so the use of the land will be strictly restricted. At the same time, in most non agricultural use projects. The marginal benefit produced by the land is far higher than the corresponding income used in agricultural projects, which can lead to a large increase in social and economic benefits and a great pressure on the reconfiguration of resources. The core development land area of the contradiction can not exceed the administrative instructions that occupy the basic agricultural fields, and the essence is to enter the basic farmland. Land exploitation rights have been deprived of zoning policies in these areas. To a certain extent, the efficiency of resource allocation has been reduced, and the development of direct conflict of food security interests at the local and national levels is also exacerbated. However, the most direct and effective way to solve such similar conflicts is to introduce the concept of land development rights. On the basis of the importance of food security, grain production is the factor of land production. Therefore, how to guarantee the security of grain has become the focus of the circulation of land contract management right. On the one hand, land circulation can solve the problem of land refinement and arable land abandonment to a certain extent, to make grain production scale, improve land use efficiency and promote the effect of agricultural science and technology. This will help to improve food production and food security. On the other hand, land circulation is becoming more and more serious. " The direct result is a large reduction in the grain planting area, which poses a great threat to the food security situation in China. Then, the transfer of the current land contract management rights to China's food security is an impact, what impact, how and how and how it affects the future impact of the trend of the trend. In order to formulate a clear policy to clarify these issues, to make a clear policy to clarify these issues, and to promote the transfer of land contract management rights, and to ensure the security of our country's grain. At the same time, with the diversification of the development of the main business of agricultural management, the status of the farmers in the management of the management has changed. The original business entity, which aims at large grain farmers, has gradually developed into the orientation of township enterprises and rural credit cooperatives. The main business of farmers is to shift from other grains to high-yield crops. In some ways, this will make changes in many aspects, such as the planting structure, and this change will produce the income of rural families. Some of the benefits are good, and it may also affect the food supply safety zone. Therefore, it is of great significance to coordinate the contradiction between the farmers' contract and the regional circulation of food supply safety in order to reduce the pressure flow of the food supply brought by the farmers' contract. The research can provide a reference for the government to formulate relevant policies on land circulation and to select the land transfer mode to ensure the security of grain. It has created considerable material favorable conditions for the scale of land, intensive management and the guarantee of the area of cultivated land. The purpose of the whole.
【学位授予单位】：长江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F321.1;F326.11

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