黑龙江省农村最低生活保障制度的问题及对策研究

发布时间：2018-07-09 13:12

本文选题：现农村低保标准 + 农村最低生活保障制度　；参考：《东北农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：农村最低生活保障制度旨在解决农村贫困居民的基本生活,保障农村贫困居民基本生活权益。2011年3月份,温家宝总理在政府工作报告中强调全国各地要加强完善城乡低保制度。不仅表明了政府在保障公民生存权方面的的决心和努力,同时,也表明,我国农村低保制度还有待思考和完善。而这恰恰使本文研究具有强烈的现实意义。黑龙江省自2004年开展农村最低生活保障制度试点建设工作以来,历经多年改革发展,已逐步实现了从无到有,从小规模试点到政策的全覆盖,从积极探索到深入改革,终取得显著成效,但是,在制度实践运转中,仍存在诸多阻力,如低保财政投入不足、保障标准低、低保覆盖面窄等问题。其中最迫切需要克服的就是资金短缺问题。充足的财政供给是实现农村社会保障制度有效运行的物质基础。政府加大农村低保财政投入,是实现农村低保制度“扩面提标”的关键。是我省救助事业取得巨大成就、进入新阶段、向更高目标迈进的必然要求。近年来,对于黑龙江省农村低保制度方面的研究的越来越多,但大多数研究主要表现于对最低生活保障制度的定性分析上,在实证研究方面相对较为薄弱,对于最低生活保障制度完善建议大多采用定性建议为主,缺少定量思考,基于此,本文以农业大省黑龙江作为研究区域,通过测算农村低保标准,量化财政供需,为我国农村社会保障的全局建设提供基础数据。更具重要现实研究意义。本文首先从搜集整理国内外相关文献的基础上,阐述目前农村最低生活保障制度的研究现状,确定研究内容及方法,其次从保障标准方面、低保财政方面、保障对象方面、低保覆盖面等方面对黑龙江省现行农村低保政策的实施效果进行综合分析与评价,结合实证分析,对黑龙江省现行农村低保制度的实施现状情况作出客观评价,探析其践行中存在的问题及原因。在实证分析中,利用扩展线性支出模型(ELES),针对不同低保人群,分别测算有无食品自给能力的低保理论标准,并与现行低保标准进行对比分析,与此同时在低保标准量化基础上,定量测算财政需求。最后,在计量结果分析的基础上结合我省实情,提出定量财政建议及其配套建议,为完善黑龙江省农村最低生活保障制度体系提供定性建议。
[Abstract]:The rural minimum living security system aims at solving the basic living conditions of the rural poor residents and protecting the basic living rights of the rural poor residents. In March 2011, Prime Minister Wen Jiabao stressed in the government work report that all parts of the country should strengthen and improve the urban and rural minimum living security system. It not only shows the determination and effort of the government in protecting the citizen's right to exist, but also shows that the rural minimum living security system of our country needs to be considered and perfected. This makes the study of this paper has a strong practical significance. Since Heilongjiang Province carried out the rural minimum living security system pilot construction in 2004, after many years of reform and development, it has gradually realized from scratch, from small scale pilot to full coverage of policy, from active exploration to in-depth reform. However, there are still many obstacles in the practical operation of the system, such as insufficient financial investment, low standard of guarantee, narrow coverage of minimum living standard, and so on. One of the most urgent needs to overcome is the shortage of funds. Adequate financial supply is the material basis for the effective operation of the rural social security system. The government increases the financial input of the rural minimum living standard, which is the key to realize the rural minimum security system. It is an inevitable requirement for our province to make great achievements, enter a new stage and advance to a higher goal. In recent years, there have been more and more researches on the rural minimum living security system in Heilongjiang Province, but most of the studies are mainly on the qualitative analysis of the minimum living security system, and the empirical research is relatively weak. Most of the suggestions for the perfection of the minimum living security system are based on qualitative suggestions and lack of quantitative thinking. Based on this, this paper takes Heilongjiang Province, a big agricultural province, as the research area, and quantifies the financial supply and demand by measuring the rural minimum living security standards, and quantifying the financial supply and demand. To provide basic data for the overall construction of rural social security in China. More important practical research significance. On the basis of collecting and sorting out the relevant documents at home and abroad, this paper expounds the current research situation of the rural minimum living security system, determines the research contents and methods, and secondly, from the aspects of the security standard, the financial aspect of the minimum living standard and the object of the guarantee. Based on the comprehensive analysis and evaluation of the implementation effect of the current rural minimum security policy in Heilongjiang Province, the paper makes an objective evaluation of the current situation of the implementation of the rural minimum security system in Heilongjiang Province, combining with the empirical analysis. Analyze the problems and reasons in its practice. In the empirical analysis, the extended Linear Expenditure Model (ELES) is used to calculate the theoretical standards of food self-sufficiency for different groups of people, and to compare and analyze with the current minimum living standard, and at the same time, on the basis of quantification of the minimum living allowance standard. Quantitative measurement of financial demand. Finally, on the basis of the analysis of the measurement results, the paper puts forward quantitative financial suggestions and their supporting suggestions on the basis of the reality of our province, and provides qualitative suggestions for perfecting the rural minimum living security system in Heilongjiang Province.
【学位授予单位】：东北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F323.89

【参考文献】