旬阳县土地利用变化与农村居民点整理潜力研究

发布时间：2018-07-10 19:35

本文选题：农村居民点整理潜力 + 耕地潜力　；参考：《陕西师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国经济快速发展,建设用地需求量一直持续增加,人类活动如城镇化、工业化、产业转型、产业集聚占用大量耕地,城乡二元结构,城乡收入差距大,农村劳动力流向城市,农村住房建设缺乏统一规划,老宅退出机制缺失,农民白发盖房,布局混乱,造成建设用地面积大,利用效率低,大量宅基地荒废,农村基础设施难以成效,制约了农村经济的发展,严重违背了我国建设社会主义新农村目标的宗旨。因此,为了缓解保护耕地和经济建设的矛盾,保持耕地总量动态平衡的目标的实现,实现新农村建设,改善农村生活环境,我国提出了农村居民点整理。但是,在开展整理工作之前,必需弄明白潜力的多少与分布。因此,农村居民点整理潜力测评是进行农村整理规划工作开展的必要前提。本文选择旬阳县为研究样区,通过文献研究法、定量分析、定性分析、叠加法等基础方法和AHP决策分析方法,计算出农村居民点整理潜力,研究结论有：(1)将农村居民点整理潜力划分为理论潜力、耕地潜力和可开发潜力。其中,理论潜力是指仅受到农村居民点用地目前状态、农村居民户数及用地标准的限制；耕地潜力是在自然条件约束下,理论潜力基础上可以转化作为耕地用途的整理潜力；可开发潜力是在当前时期,耕地潜力在经济与社会约束下可以实现的潜力,表现出更具有在现实操作上的可实现性的特征。(2)旬阳县土地利用数量结构特征为以林地与耕地为主,其他地类也有不同程度的变化。耕地面积减少2941.47公顷,林地面积增加2615.22公顷；草地面积变化不明显；水域面积10年间发生增加,主要原因是政策导向下旬阳县水库水利设施工程建设引起的；建设用地面积增加,增速居高,以每年121.5公顷的速度在增加；未利用地面积减少,10年时间里旬阳县85%的未利用都已经被开垦利用,未利用地后备资源不足已经成为旬阳县土地利用存在的重大问题。(3)旬阳县土地利用空间结构变化存在区域差异。具体来说,铜钱关镇、赤岩镇、蜀河镇等6个镇的耕地相对变化率远大于1,耕地变化幅度高于旬阳县整个区域；赤岩镇、双河镇和小河镇的林地相对变化率远大于1,林地变化幅度高于旬阳县整个区域；个别乡镇草地相对变化率大于1,但是由于草地面积基数小,其变化不够明显；对建设用地而言,旬阳县面积变化情况明显,但由于各个乡镇的建设用地的变化情况都大,反而空间相对变化率差距在数值1周围摆动；对于水域来说,除关口镇外,其他乡镇的相对变化率比较集中在数值1附近,说明其与整个旬阳县水域变化幅度相近；未利用地相对变化率大部分乡镇都大于1,说明这些乡镇的未利用地变化幅度比旬阳县整个区域高。(4)本文选取位于陕西东南部具有秦巴山地特征的旬阳县作为研究样区,按照乡镇行政界线划分单元,测算出农村居民点整理的理论潜力、耕地潜力和可开发潜力。测算结果如下：旬阳县合计理论潜力225.41公顷,理论潜力高的乡镇位于旬阳县中北部部分乡镇以及南部的铜钱关镇；耕地潜力合计124.168公顷,主要位于旬阳县县镇周边部分乡镇,包括城棕溪镇、蜀河镇、吕河镇等；可开发潜力合计73.896公顷,主要在城关镇、棕溪镇、吕河镇、蜀河镇等地。(5)旬阳县农村居民点整理潜力大小划分为三个等级。一级潜力区包括城关镇、棕溪镇、蜀河镇和吕河镇,耕地潜力合计63.236公顷,其中可开发潜力40.988公顷；二级潜力区包括双河镇、麻坪镇、段家河镇及仙河镇,耕地潜力开发30.897公顷,可开发潜力15.490公顷；其余镇属于三级潜力区中,其耕地潜力合计30,035公顷,可开发潜力17.419公顷。(6)旬阳县农村居民点整理存在的问题和解决对策。研究区域农村居民点整理存在的问题主要表现在农村土地产权不明确、分散居民集中居住管理、资金渠道狭窄以及农民利益缺乏保障。针对旬阳县农村居民点整理存在的问题,本文提出了一些切实可行的政策措施,包括加大宣传,提高农村居民点对居民点整理工作的认识；编制农村居民点整理规划,科学的建立差别式整理运作模式；拓宽整理融资渠道,加强公众参与力度。保证旬阳县的农村居民点整理工作有序进行,为发展农业经济、提高农民生活水平做好充足的准备。
[Abstract]:China's rapid economic development, the demand for construction land has continued to increase, human activities such as urbanization, industrialization, industrial transformation, industrial agglomeration of a large number of cultivated land, urban and rural two yuan structure, urban and rural income gap, rural labor flow to the city, rural housing construction, the lack of unified planning for housing construction, the retirement mechanism of old houses, farmers white hair cover housing, cloth The chaos has resulted in the large area of construction land, low utilization efficiency, a large number of homestead waste, and the rural infrastructure is difficult to be effective, which restricts the development of the rural economy and violates the aim of building a new socialist countryside in our country. Therefore, in order to alleviate the contradiction between the protection of cultivated land and the economic construction, the objective of maintaining the dynamic balance of the total amount of cultivated land is maintained. In order to realize the construction of the new countryside and improve the living environment in the countryside, China has put forward the rural settlements arrangement. However, before carrying out the work, it is necessary to understand the potential and distribution of the potential. Therefore, the evaluation of the potential of the rural settlements is the prerequisite for the development of the rural consolidation and planning work. In this paper, Xunyang county is selected as the research sample. In the area, through literature research, quantitative analysis, qualitative analysis, superposition method and AHP decision analysis method, the potential of rural settlements consolidation is calculated. The conclusions are as follows: (1) the potential of rural residential consolidation is divided into theoretical potential, cultivated land potential and potential development potential. The current status, the number of rural residents and the limits of land use standards; cultivated land potential is under the constraints of natural conditions, the potential of the theoretical potential can be transformed as the consolidation potential of cultivated land use; the potential for development is in the current period, the potential of cultivated land potential in the economic and social constraints can be realized, showing more practical operation. (2) the land use quantity structure of Xunyang county is mainly composed of woodland and cultivated land, and other types of land have different degrees. The area of cultivated land is reduced by 2941.47 hectares, the area of woodland is increased by 2615.22 hectares, the change of grassland area is not obvious; the area of water area has increased in 10 years, mainly due to the policy orientation in the late ten days of the year. The construction of water conservancy facilities in Yang county is caused by the construction of water conservancy facilities. The area of construction land is increasing, the growth rate is high, the speed of 121.5 hectares is increasing every year. The unused land area is reduced and the 85% of Xunyang county has been reclaimed in 10 years. The shortage of reserve resources of unused land has become a major problem of land use in Xunyang county. (3) there are regional differences in the spatial structure change of land use in Xunyang county. In particular, the relative change rate of the cultivated land in 6 towns, such as copper Qian Guan Town, Chek Yan town and Shu He Town, is far greater than 1, the change range of cultivated land is higher than that of the whole region of Xunyang County; the relative change rate of the woodland in Chek Rock Town, Shuanghe town and Xiaohe Town is far greater than 1, and the change range of the woodland is higher than that of Xunyang County In the whole area, the relative change rate of the grassland in some villages and towns is more than 1, but the change of the area of Xunyang county is obvious because of the small base area of the grassland; but for the construction land, the change of the area of the county is obvious, but because of the large changes in the construction land of the villages and towns, the gap in the space is swinging around the value of the value of 1. In addition to Guan Kou Town, the relative change rate of other villages and towns is concentrated near the value of 1, indicating that it is similar to that of the whole Xunyang county. The relative change rate of the unused land is more than 1, indicating that the unused land changes in these towns are higher than the whole area of Xunyang county. (4) this paper is located in the southeast of Shaanxi. Xunyang County, which has the characteristics of Qinba mountain area, as the research sample area, according to the division unit of the township administrative boundary, calculates the theoretical potential, the potential and the potential of the rural settlements. The results are as follows: the total potential of Xunyang county is 225.41 hectares, and the town with high theoretical potential is located in the middle and north parts of the Xunyang county and the south. A total of 124.168 hectares of cultivated land, mainly located in the surrounding towns of Xunyang county and County town, including City palm brook town, Shu He Town, Luhe Town, etc.; the potential for development is 73.896 hectares, mainly in Chengguan Town, brown Creek Town, Luhe Town, Shu He Town and other places. (5) the potential of rural settlements in Xunyang county is divided into three grades. The first level potential areas include Chengguan Town, palm brook town, Shu and Luhe town and Luhe Town, with a total potential of 63.236 hectares, of which the potential for development is 40.988 hectares, and the two level potential areas include Shuanghe Town, Maping Town, Duojia River town and Xian he Town, 30.897 hectares of cultivated land potential, 15.490 hectares of latent capacity, and the remaining towns belonging to the three level potential area. The potential of the land is 30035 hectares, and the potential for development is 17.419 hectares. (6) the existing problems and solutions to the rural settlements in Xunyang county. The main problems in the study of the regional rural settlements are mainly manifested in the unclear rural land property rights, the scattered residents' centralized residence management, the narrow channels of the capital and the lack of guarantee for the farmers' interests. The problems existing in the rural settlements in Xunyang County, this paper puts forward some practical and feasible policies and measures, including increasing publicity to improve the understanding of the rural residential points for the settlement of residential areas, the compilation of rural settlements planning, the scientific establishment of differential arrangement mode, the expansion of financing channels, and the strengthening of public participation. To ensure the orderly operation of rural residential areas in Xunyang County, and make adequate preparations for the development of the agricultural economy and the improvement of farmers' living standards.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F301

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