日本协同推进环境保全型农业的举措及对我国的启示

发布时间：2018-07-18 14:55

【摘要】：日本在战后粮食供给极度匮乏,粮食安全形势十分严峻,为了迅速恢复农业生产,增加粮食产量,农户开始大量使用化肥和农药,结果是粮食产量增加的同时,却导致了严重的环境污染问题,给日本的农村生态环境和农业可持续发展带来了前所未有的危机。为此,日本政府决定转变农业发展理念和方式,并从20世纪90年代开始大力推广"环境保全型农业",采取了创新组织机构、坚决依法推进、确立技术及类型和注重"产、官、学、消"四位一体协同推进的策略,为环境保全型农业的顺利实施和健康发展打下了坚实的基础。中日同属东亚小农经营体制,两国农业在发展轨迹上具有一定的类似,借鉴日本的成功经验,中国在推进自身环境友好型农业的发展中,应当充分发挥政府的核心领导作用;健全法律体系,坚决依法推进;提高农户经营能力,培育现代农业接班人;打造各界参与、多方联动的协同推进运行机制。
[Abstract]:After the war, Japan was extremely short of food supplies and the food security situation was very severe. In order to quickly resume agricultural production and increase grain production, farmers began to use chemical fertilizers and pesticides in large quantities. As a result, grain production increased at the same time. However, it has caused serious environmental pollution and brought unprecedented crisis to the rural ecological environment and agricultural sustainable development in Japan. Therefore, the Japanese government has decided to change the concept and method of agricultural development, and has vigorously promoted "environmental conservation-oriented agriculture" since the 1990s. It has adopted innovative organizations and institutions, resolutely advanced according to law, established technology and types, and paid attention to "industry, officials," The strategy of "eliminating the four-in-one coordinated advance" has laid a solid foundation for the smooth implementation and healthy development of environmental preservation agriculture. China and Japan belong to the management system of small farmers in East Asia, and the two countries' agriculture has some similarities in the development track. Using the successful experience of Japan for reference, China should give full play to the core leading role of the government in promoting the development of its own environment-friendly agriculture. Improve the legal system, resolutely promote according to law; improve the management capacity of farmers, cultivate modern agricultural successors; create a participatory, multi-party coordinated promotion of the operational mechanism.
【作者单位】：江西师范大学管理决策评价中心/江西经济发展研究院;吉林农业大学经济管理学院;
【基金】：江西省高校人文社会科学重点研究基地项目(JD16101)
【分类号】：F331.3

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