秸秆回收物流网络结构优化研究
发布时间：2018-07-20 10:49
【摘要】：生物质能储量丰富,秸秆“用则利,弃则害”。当前,我国仍有超过2亿吨的秸秆资源没有得到有效利用。秸秆综合利用困境是利用收益与回收成本之间的矛盾造成的。在秸秆回收总成本中物流成本所占比例不容忽视。秸秆原料收集困难,供应链物流成本过高等问题阻碍着整个秸秆利用产业的健康发展。如何实现秸秆回收物流网络合理化一直以来都是秸秆利用产业化研究的重要角度。基于此,本文将秸秆回收物流网络作为研究对象,在理论上丰富了秸秆回收物流网络研究的模型及方法,在现实中合理的物流网络布局方案可以为企业提供参考,为促进秸秆产业化提供物流保障。本文首先对物流网络布局优化中涉及到的作业成本分析、物流网络以及物流中心选址等相关理论进行研究。其次从秸秆资源特性、秸秆回收物流网络、网络布局现状以及布局优化等四个方面对我国现有的秸秆回收物流网络进行分析。通过分析发现秸秆量大且分布不均、供需失衡、附加值低、密度小、易损等特性是造成物流成本过高的主要原因;秸秆回收物流网络的构成主要包括秸秆供应商、物流中心、需求点等物流节点以及运输线路;我国的秸秆回收物流网络以三层节点网络结构为主,秸秆需求量、物流节点改变以及原有布局不合理等问题使得现有秸秆物流网络布局需要优化;秸秆回收物流网络布局主要内容包括布局分析、确定物流中心备选、选定新址以及制定配送方案等。然后构建秸秆回收物流网络布局优化模型,包括确定模型目标——成本最小、服务最优以及需求点费用最小;运用作业成本法从作业划分和作业中心的确认、资源的确定、核算作业成本以及单位作业成本角度出发分析秸秆回收物流成本;分别以运输成本、固定成本、运营成本三部分构成的物流网络总成本最低和需求点费用最小为目标构建秸秆回收物流网络优化双层模型。最后引用数值算例证明双层规划模型以及遗传算法能够实现秸秆回收物流网络优化。
[Abstract]:Rich in biomass energy, straw, "use is beneficial, discard is harmful." At present, China still has more than 200 million tons of straw resources have not been effectively utilized. The dilemma of comprehensive utilization of straw is caused by the contradiction between utilization income and recovery cost. The proportion of logistics cost in the total cost of straw recovery should not be ignored. It is difficult to collect straw raw materials and the logistics cost of supply chain is too high which hinders the healthy development of straw utilization industry. How to realize the rationalization of straw recycling logistics network has always been an important angle of straw utilization industrialization research. Based on this, this paper takes the straw recycling logistics network as the research object, enriches the model and method of the straw recycling logistics network research theoretically, and provides the reference for the enterprise in the realistic reasonable logistics network layout plan. To promote the industrialization of straw to provide logistics protection. In this paper, we first study the related theories such as activity-based cost analysis, logistics network and logistics center location, which are involved in the optimization of logistics network layout. Secondly, this paper analyzes the existing straw recycling logistics network in China from the following four aspects: straw resource characteristics, straw recycling logistics network, network layout status and layout optimization. It is found that the main reasons for the high logistics cost are the large amount and uneven distribution of straw, the imbalance between supply and demand, low added value, low density and vulnerability. The composition of straw recovery logistics network mainly includes straw suppliers, logistics center, etc. Demand points and other logistics nodes as well as transportation lines; our country's straw recovery logistics network mainly consists of three layers of node network structure, straw demand, The existing straw logistics network layout needs to be optimized due to the change of logistics node and unreasonable layout. The main content of straw recycling logistics network layout includes layout analysis, logistics center selection, Select new sites and make delivery plans. Then the optimization model of straw recycling logistics network layout is constructed, including the determination of the model objective-minimum cost, the best service and the minimum cost of the demand point; the use of activity-based costing method from the activity division and the confirmation of the operation center, the determination of resources. From the angle of accounting activity cost and unit activity cost, this paper analyzes the logistics cost of straw recovery, respectively, with transportation cost, fixed cost, The minimum total cost of logistics network and the minimum cost of demand point are the objectives of the three parts of operation cost to construct the two-layer model of straw recovery logistics network optimization. Finally, a numerical example is given to prove that the bilevel programming model and genetic algorithm can realize the optimization of straw recycling logistics network.
【学位授予单位】：华北电力大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F713.2;F323.214
本文编号：2133284
[Abstract]:Rich in biomass energy, straw, "use is beneficial, discard is harmful." At present, China still has more than 200 million tons of straw resources have not been effectively utilized. The dilemma of comprehensive utilization of straw is caused by the contradiction between utilization income and recovery cost. The proportion of logistics cost in the total cost of straw recovery should not be ignored. It is difficult to collect straw raw materials and the logistics cost of supply chain is too high which hinders the healthy development of straw utilization industry. How to realize the rationalization of straw recycling logistics network has always been an important angle of straw utilization industrialization research. Based on this, this paper takes the straw recycling logistics network as the research object, enriches the model and method of the straw recycling logistics network research theoretically, and provides the reference for the enterprise in the realistic reasonable logistics network layout plan. To promote the industrialization of straw to provide logistics protection. In this paper, we first study the related theories such as activity-based cost analysis, logistics network and logistics center location, which are involved in the optimization of logistics network layout. Secondly, this paper analyzes the existing straw recycling logistics network in China from the following four aspects: straw resource characteristics, straw recycling logistics network, network layout status and layout optimization. It is found that the main reasons for the high logistics cost are the large amount and uneven distribution of straw, the imbalance between supply and demand, low added value, low density and vulnerability. The composition of straw recovery logistics network mainly includes straw suppliers, logistics center, etc. Demand points and other logistics nodes as well as transportation lines; our country's straw recovery logistics network mainly consists of three layers of node network structure, straw demand, The existing straw logistics network layout needs to be optimized due to the change of logistics node and unreasonable layout. The main content of straw recycling logistics network layout includes layout analysis, logistics center selection, Select new sites and make delivery plans. Then the optimization model of straw recycling logistics network layout is constructed, including the determination of the model objective-minimum cost, the best service and the minimum cost of the demand point; the use of activity-based costing method from the activity division and the confirmation of the operation center, the determination of resources. From the angle of accounting activity cost and unit activity cost, this paper analyzes the logistics cost of straw recovery, respectively, with transportation cost, fixed cost, The minimum total cost of logistics network and the minimum cost of demand point are the objectives of the three parts of operation cost to construct the two-layer model of straw recovery logistics network optimization. Finally, a numerical example is given to prove that the bilevel programming model and genetic algorithm can realize the optimization of straw recycling logistics network.
【学位授予单位】：华北电力大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F713.2;F323.214
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