永胜县金沙江中游干热河谷地区生态农业发展模式与对策研究

发布时间：2018-08-01 13:44

【摘要】：我国的农业生产方式正处于转型期,各地区的农业基础建设,自然资源不同,生态环境、人力资源等差别很大,怎样开展、以什么样的生态农业模式发展农业生产,值得研究探讨。开展金沙江中游干热河谷地区生态农业研究,是推进中国生态农业经济发展的现实需要,是滇西地区粮食供给与长江中上游生态环境安全的坚强支撑。金沙江中游干热河谷地区生态农业发展是西南地区经济发展、社会稳定和提高国家综合竞争力的基础,是民族自立与人民健康的保障,尤其是对云南这样总体经济落后、农业基础薄弱的西部大省来讲,更具有特殊的意义。本文以生态农业相关理论为依据,包括生态农业开发的基本原则,生态农业发展的具体模式的理论研究,同时借鉴了西方生态系统理论,分析了金沙江中游干热河谷地区地区生态农业发展的原理依据。在生态农业的国际经验部分,分别从欧美发达国家、菲律宾及以色列的生态农业发展状况,国际有关生态农业组织的经验,国外生态农业发展模式和效益等方面进行阐述,指出金沙江中游干热河谷地区的生态农业发展要借鉴和学习的地方,利用这些先进的经验来更好的促进生态农业发展。在充分的理论依据和国际先进经验的基础上,本文从生态环境因素,自然资源因素和农村农业资源因素分析了金沙江中游干热河谷地区生态农业的发展面临的挑战。金沙江河谷脆弱生态系统具有:干旱程度加剧,使许多植物无法生长;水热矛盾突出;水土流失严重;人为破坏频繁;植物群落破坏容易,恢复难;土壤肥力低下等不利于作物生长等特点。其中水分短缺是脆弱生态系统中最严重的问题。随着社会不断的变迁,干热河谷地区农业生态环境更加脆弱。生态环境抵御自然灾害的调节能力在减弱,农药、化肥等等污染现象十分严重,植被破坏、水土流失加剧,生态恶化的程度和范围在扩大,给干热河谷地区的农业持续发展带来的负面效应不容忽视。另外滇西北地区农业农村基础设施建设滞后、人力资源受教育程度相对来说比较低,农业技能水平落后,同时还要面对大量的农村劳动力向城市转移,尤其是青年劳动力。农村人力资源的逐步匮乏,这对生态农业发展十分不利。本文分析了金沙江中游干热河谷地区生态农业发展的综合效益,包括生态效益,经济效益和社会效益。金沙江中游干热河谷地区的生态农业的发展对策与发展模式,按照农业生产的水分条件将金沙江生态系统分为4种小系统,即:雨养生态系统、集水补灌(坡地旱地)系统、引水灌溉(水田)系统,湿地生态农业系统,通过比较各系统间的水分情况、海拔高度,选择适宜栽种的植被及动物养殖类型,提出适宜各系统生态农业发展的具体模式。同时,针对水资源利用效率不足、农业生态环境保护、农村劳动力外流、农产品经济效益低下、农业农村基础设施落后等问题提出相应对策。
[Abstract]:The agricultural production mode of our country is in the transition period. The agricultural infrastructure construction, the natural resources, the ecological environment, the human resources and so on are very different in different regions. How to develop and what kind of eco-agricultural mode to develop agricultural production? It is worth studying and discussing. The research on ecological agriculture in dry and hot valley of Jinsha River is the realistic demand of promoting the development of ecological agriculture economy in China and the strong support of grain supply in western Yunnan and ecological environment security in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. The development of ecological agriculture in the dry and hot valley of the middle reaches of the Jinsha River is the basis for the economic development, social stability and improvement of the comprehensive competitiveness of the country in the southwest of China. It is the guarantee of national independence and the health of the people, especially to the overall economic backwardness of Yunnan. The agriculture foundation weak western big province says, has the special significance. This paper is based on the relevant theories of ecological agriculture, including the basic principles of the development of ecological agriculture, the theoretical research on the specific models of the development of ecological agriculture, and draws lessons from the western theory of ecosystem. The principle basis of ecological agriculture development in dry and hot valley of Jinsha River is analyzed. In the part of the international experience of ecological agriculture, the development of ecological agriculture in developed countries in Europe and America, the Philippines and Israel, the experience of international ecological agriculture organizations, the development mode and benefit of foreign ecological agriculture, etc. It is pointed out that the development of ecological agriculture in the dry and hot valley of the middle reaches of Jinsha River should be used for reference and study, and these advanced experiences should be used to better promote the development of ecological agriculture. On the basis of sufficient theoretical basis and advanced international experience, this paper analyzes the challenges faced by the development of ecological agriculture in the dry and hot valley of the middle reaches of Jinsha River from the aspects of ecological environment, natural resources and rural agricultural resources. The fragile ecosystem of Jinsha River valley has the following characteristics: the drought intensifies which makes many plants unable to grow; the contradiction between water and heat is prominent; the soil and water loss is serious; the man-made destruction is frequent; the destruction of plant communities is easy and the restoration is difficult; Low soil fertility is not conducive to crop growth and other characteristics. Water shortage is the most serious problem in fragile ecosystem. With the continuous changes of society, the agricultural ecological environment in dry and hot valley is more fragile. The ability of the ecological environment to resist natural disasters is weakening, the pollution phenomena such as pesticides and chemical fertilizers are very serious, the vegetation is destroyed, soil erosion is intensified, and the degree and scope of ecological deterioration are expanding. The negative effects on the sustainable development of agriculture in dry and hot valley can not be ignored. In addition, the rural infrastructure construction in northwest Yunnan is lagging behind, the education level of human resources is relatively low, and the level of agricultural skills is backward. At the same time, a large number of rural labor force has to be transferred to the city, especially the young labor force. The gradual scarcity of rural human resources is very detrimental to the development of ecological agriculture. This paper analyzes the comprehensive benefits of ecological agriculture development in dry and hot valley of Jinsha River, including ecological benefit, economic benefit and social benefit. According to the water condition of agricultural production, the ecosystem of Jinsha River is divided into four kinds of small systems, that is, rain-fed ecosystem, catchment and supplementary irrigation system (sloping land dryland) system. Water diversion irrigation (paddy field) system, wetland ecological agriculture system, by comparing the water situation and altitude of each system, selecting the suitable planting vegetation and animal breeding type, putting forward the concrete mode of ecological agriculture development suitable for each system. At the same time, some countermeasures are put forward to solve the problems such as insufficient utilization efficiency of water resources, protection of agricultural ecological environment, outflow of rural labor force, low economic benefit of agricultural products and backward agricultural rural infrastructure.
【学位授予单位】：成都理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F323.22

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