农民合作社农产品流通效率与流通渠道优化策略研究
发布时间：2018-08-08 22:02
【摘要】：农产品流通关乎农业产业化发展,关乎农业现代化进程,在国民经济中的地位和重要性毋庸置疑。缺乏高效率的农产品流通体系将导致农产品(尤其是鲜活农产品)流通不畅,农产品市场出现“买难卖难”和“贱卖贵买”并存、农产品增产不增收或增产减收等一系列问题。农民合作社作为我国农产品供应链中最主要的产业组织和制度安排形式之一,它是农产品流通体系的重要主体,其销售渠道是农产品流通环节的重要组成部分。鉴于此,农民合作社的流通效率研究意义关键。本文依据经济学效率理论、营销渠道理论和演化经济学理论,研究农民合作社农产品流通效率与流通渠道的优化策略,研究基于江西省147家农民合作社鲜活农产品流通的调查数据,运用DEA模型测算农民合作社农产品流通效率,再通过Tobit模型寻找对农民合作社流通效率影响最大的销售渠道,利用随机森林和决策树方法,寻找高效的农产品销售渠道及渠道组合。研究得出的结论如下:(1)当前我国农民合作社农产品流通效率普遍不高;送往加工企业、商贩上门收购、电子商务作为主要销售渠道的合作社流通效率相对较高;合作社参与批发市场的比重最高,但其作为主要销售渠道的合作社流通效率不高;合作社参与农超对接的流通效率偏低,不足以成为合作社主要的销售渠道。(2)批发市场、商贩上门收购、自设专营店三个变量在模型估计结果中达到显著水平,农民合作社增加这些渠道的销售比重将提升农产品流通效率。(3)资产总额、农超对接、社区对接、商贩上门收购是影响农民合作社农产品流通效率前四重要性的因素;规模处于中间层的合作社农产品流通效率偏低;农超对接比重超过35%合作社流通效率将下降;电子商务销售渠道的农民合作社流通效率较高,但目前其对农产品流通效率的重要性不高。(4)较小规模合作社选择商贩上门收购,较大规模合作社选择送往加工企业,中等规模合作社选择适度比例批发市场(25%)、农超对接(25%),则合作社流通有效率。最后,本文针对不同规模的农民合作社分别提出了渠道优化策略:较小规模合作社采用“精细化”和“联合化”策略,中等规模合作社实施“选择型多渠道组合”战略,较大规模合作社发展“纵向协作”和“垂直一体化”。
[Abstract]:The circulation of agricultural products is related to the development of agricultural industrialization and the process of agricultural modernization. The lack of efficient circulation system of agricultural products will lead to poor circulation of agricultural products (especially fresh and live agricultural products). There are a series of problems in the market of agricultural products, such as "difficult to buy hard to sell" and "expensive to buy at a low price", and a series of problems such as no increase in agricultural production, no increase or decrease in production and income, and so on. As one of the most important forms of industrial organization and institutional arrangement in supply chain of agricultural products, farmers' cooperative is the main body of circulation system of agricultural products, and its marketing channel is an important part of circulation of agricultural products. In view of this, the farmer cooperative circulation efficiency research significance is key. Based on the economic efficiency theory, marketing channel theory and evolutionary economics theory, this paper studies the optimization strategy of agricultural products circulation efficiency and circulation channel in farmers' cooperatives. Based on the investigation data of fresh agricultural products circulation in 147 farmers' cooperatives in Jiangxi Province, this paper uses DEA model to calculate the circulation efficiency of agricultural products in farmers' cooperatives, and then through Tobit model to find the marketing channel that has the greatest influence on the circulation efficiency of farmers' cooperatives. The stochastic forest and decision tree method are used to find efficient marketing channels and combinations of agricultural products. The conclusions of the study are as follows: (1) the circulation efficiency of agricultural products of farmers' cooperatives in China is generally not high, and the circulation efficiency of cooperatives sent to processing enterprises, vendors to purchase at home, electronic commerce as the main marketing channel is relatively high; The proportion of cooperative participation in wholesale market is the highest, but the circulation efficiency of cooperatives, as the main marketing channel, is not high; the circulation efficiency of cooperative participation in agricultural superfluous connection is on the low side, which is not enough to become the main marketing channel of cooperative. (2) Wholesale market. In the estimation results of the model, the three variables of the vendor's purchase at home and the establishment of a private store have reached a significant level. Increasing the proportion of these channels will improve the circulation efficiency of agricultural products. (3) the total assets, the agricultural super docking, the community docking, and so on. Peddlers' door-to-door purchase is the first four important factors that affect the circulation efficiency of agricultural products in farmers' cooperatives; the circulation efficiency of agricultural products of cooperatives with scale in the middle level is low; the proportion of agricultural superfluous is more than 35% and the circulation efficiency of cooperatives will decrease. The distribution efficiency of farmers' cooperatives in e-commerce marketing channels is higher, but at present their importance to the circulation efficiency of agricultural products is not high. (4) smaller cooperatives choose vendors to buy them, and larger cooperatives choose to send them to processing enterprises. The medium scale cooperative chooses the moderate proportion wholesale market (25%), the agriculture super docking (25%), then the cooperative circulation efficiency. Finally, this paper puts forward channel optimization strategies for farmers' cooperatives of different scales: smaller cooperatives adopt the strategy of "refinement" and "combination", and medium-sized cooperatives implement the strategy of "selective multi-channel combination". Large-scale cooperatives develop "vertical cooperation" and "vertical integration."
【学位授予单位】：江西农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F321.42;F326.6
本文编号：2173172
[Abstract]:The circulation of agricultural products is related to the development of agricultural industrialization and the process of agricultural modernization. The lack of efficient circulation system of agricultural products will lead to poor circulation of agricultural products (especially fresh and live agricultural products). There are a series of problems in the market of agricultural products, such as "difficult to buy hard to sell" and "expensive to buy at a low price", and a series of problems such as no increase in agricultural production, no increase or decrease in production and income, and so on. As one of the most important forms of industrial organization and institutional arrangement in supply chain of agricultural products, farmers' cooperative is the main body of circulation system of agricultural products, and its marketing channel is an important part of circulation of agricultural products. In view of this, the farmer cooperative circulation efficiency research significance is key. Based on the economic efficiency theory, marketing channel theory and evolutionary economics theory, this paper studies the optimization strategy of agricultural products circulation efficiency and circulation channel in farmers' cooperatives. Based on the investigation data of fresh agricultural products circulation in 147 farmers' cooperatives in Jiangxi Province, this paper uses DEA model to calculate the circulation efficiency of agricultural products in farmers' cooperatives, and then through Tobit model to find the marketing channel that has the greatest influence on the circulation efficiency of farmers' cooperatives. The stochastic forest and decision tree method are used to find efficient marketing channels and combinations of agricultural products. The conclusions of the study are as follows: (1) the circulation efficiency of agricultural products of farmers' cooperatives in China is generally not high, and the circulation efficiency of cooperatives sent to processing enterprises, vendors to purchase at home, electronic commerce as the main marketing channel is relatively high; The proportion of cooperative participation in wholesale market is the highest, but the circulation efficiency of cooperatives, as the main marketing channel, is not high; the circulation efficiency of cooperative participation in agricultural superfluous connection is on the low side, which is not enough to become the main marketing channel of cooperative. (2) Wholesale market. In the estimation results of the model, the three variables of the vendor's purchase at home and the establishment of a private store have reached a significant level. Increasing the proportion of these channels will improve the circulation efficiency of agricultural products. (3) the total assets, the agricultural super docking, the community docking, and so on. Peddlers' door-to-door purchase is the first four important factors that affect the circulation efficiency of agricultural products in farmers' cooperatives; the circulation efficiency of agricultural products of cooperatives with scale in the middle level is low; the proportion of agricultural superfluous is more than 35% and the circulation efficiency of cooperatives will decrease. The distribution efficiency of farmers' cooperatives in e-commerce marketing channels is higher, but at present their importance to the circulation efficiency of agricultural products is not high. (4) smaller cooperatives choose vendors to buy them, and larger cooperatives choose to send them to processing enterprises. The medium scale cooperative chooses the moderate proportion wholesale market (25%), the agriculture super docking (25%), then the cooperative circulation efficiency. Finally, this paper puts forward channel optimization strategies for farmers' cooperatives of different scales: smaller cooperatives adopt the strategy of "refinement" and "combination", and medium-sized cooperatives implement the strategy of "selective multi-channel combination". Large-scale cooperatives develop "vertical cooperation" and "vertical integration."
【学位授予单位】：江西农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F321.42;F326.6
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