建设水平视角下的土地整治对耕地质量的影响评价研究

发布时间：2018-08-10 21:33

【摘要】：耕地是人类生产与生活必不可少的自然资源,对保障粮食安全、生态环境以及可持续发展具有重要作用。随着社会经济和城镇化的快速发展,我国耕地资源面临着耕地数量减少、耕地质量下降等多方面问题。土地整治是保护耕地资源与粮食安全的重要手段,在扩大耕地规模、提高耕地质量等层面获得了卓越的成绩。进行土地整治耕地质量评价研究,将有助于保护和提高耕地质量,达到耕地数量、质量、生态综合保护的目标。在我国积极实施土地整治和注重耕地质量保护的大背景之下,从耕地质量、土地整治、建设水平下的土地整治耕地质量评价三个方面系统地总结和梳理了国内外相关研究,发现目前基于土地整治的耕地质量评价研究相对缺乏,而且已有文献中的土地整治耕地质量评价的指标选取与常规的耕地质量评价类似,并未突出土地整治工程的特点。在此基础上,厘清土地整治工程建设内容以及不同工程类型是如何作用于耕地质量的,形成建设水平视角下的土地整治耕地质量研究的理论基础。以各类整治工程对耕地质量因素的影响为基础,首先明确评价总体思路和评价原则,然后选取了田块规整度、田块平整度、田块集中连片程度、道路通达度、沟渠密度、防护林覆盖率、电网覆盖率共七项指标,再采用层次分析法确定各项指标权重,最终依据前人研究与经验确定各项指标的分级区间,从建设水平视角构建了完整的土地整治耕地质量评估体系。本研究基于建设水平视角,选取江西省宜丰县土地整治项目区作为研究区域,以项目区土地整治施工前和竣工后的航测影像、矢量图、数字高程模型(DEM)为基础数据,指标测算采用景观格局指数和廊道特征指数的方法,利用层次分析法确定权重,并使用综合指数模型测算耕地质量最终得分,对比分析土地整治施工前和竣工后项目区的耕地质量。研究发现,在建设水平视角下,除田块集中连片度以外,各项耕地评价指标和耕地质量综合得分均属于正向变化。从单项指标上来看,田块规整度由53.42下降至50.88,田块平整度由0.89增加为0.93,田块集中连片程度由0.17%下降至0.16%,道路连通度由59%增加至64%,沟渠密度由15.79 km/km2提升至22.43 km/km2,防护林覆盖率由55.85%提升至64.17%,电网覆盖率由1.46 km/km2增加至1.70 km/km2。在耕地质量综合得分方面,项目区的耕地质量综合得分由整治前的60.59分提升为整治后的72.11分,提升了15.98%,提升效果显著。总体来说,土地整治工程的建设对项目区的耕地质量提升效果显著,有利于项目区内的耕地产能提升和社会经济发展。虽然项目区的耕地质量得到改良,但是在工程实施中也存在着一定的问题与不足。未来的土地整治在工程建设方面中应当注重旱地的治理、农村道路和沟渠的合理设置以及景观生态效益的提高,在耕地质量方面应当全面综合地提高各种工程建设水平,全面提升耕地质量。
[Abstract]:Cultivated land is an indispensable natural resource for human production and life. It plays an important role in ensuring food security, ecological environment and sustainable development. With the rapid development of social economy and urbanization, China's cultivated land resources are facing many problems, such as the reduction of cultivated land quantity and the decline of cultivated land quality. Important means of food security have made outstanding achievements in expanding the scale of cultivated land and improving the quality of cultivated land.The study on the evaluation of cultivated land quality in land renovation will help to protect and improve the quality of cultivated land and achieve the objectives of comprehensive protection of cultivated land quantity, quality and ecology.Actively implement land renovation and pay attention to the protection of cultivated land quality in China. Under the big background, this paper systematically summarizes and combs the related research from three aspects of cultivated land quality, land renovation and cultivated land quality evaluation of land renovation under the construction level. It is found that there is a relatively lack of research on cultivated land quality evaluation based on land renovation at present, and the index selection and evaluation of cultivated land quality in the existing literature are also discussed. The conventional evaluation of cultivated land quality is similar, but does not highlight the characteristics of land consolidation projects. On this basis, clarify the content of land consolidation projects and how different types of projects affect the quality of cultivated land, forming the theoretical basis for the study of cultivated land quality from the perspective of construction level. Based on the influence of factors, the general idea and principle of evaluation are defined firstly, and then seven indexes are selected, including field regularity, field flatness, field concentration, road accessibility, ditch density, shelter forest coverage and power grid coverage. Then the weight of each index is determined by AHP, and finally according to the previous research and economy. Based on the level of construction, the land improvement project area of Yifeng County in Jiangxi Province was selected as the research area, and the aerial survey images, vector maps and digital elevation model before and after the land improvement construction were taken as the research area. Type-D (DEM) is the basic data. Landscape pattern index and corridor characteristic index are used to calculate the index. The weight is determined by AHP, and the final score of cultivated land quality is calculated by comprehensive index model. The cultivated land quality of the project area before and after land consolidation construction is compared and analyzed. In terms of single index, the field regularity decreases from 53.42 to 50.88, the field flatness increases from 0.89 to 0.93, the field fragmentation decreases from 0.17% to 0.16%, the road connectivity increases from 59% to 64%, and the ditch density from 15.79%. Km / km 2 increased to 22.43 km / km 2, shelter forest coverage increased from 55.85% to 64.17%, power grid coverage increased from 1.46 km / km 2 to 1.70 km / km 2. Although the quality of cultivated land in the project area has been improved, there are still some problems and shortcomings in the implementation of the project. The future land consolidation should pay attention to Dryland in the project construction. In terms of the quality of cultivated land, we should comprehensively improve the construction level of various projects and the quality of cultivated land.
【学位授予单位】：江西财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F323.211

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