苏州新型农民合作社对农民收入影响的分析

发布时间：2018-08-15 18:49

【摘要】：改革开放以来，随着我国农业生产市场化进程的不断加快和农业生产力的不断提高，我国农产品市场格局由卖方市场逐渐转变为了买方市场。特别是2001年我国加入WTO以后，农产品竞争日趋激烈化和全球化，小农户分散经营方式越来越难以适应国内外市场的变化，，农产品卖难和农民增收缓慢是长期困扰我国农业发展的现实问题。 80年代中期以来，为了应对农业现代化、市场化、国际化的需要，解决小农户对大市场的矛盾，分散经营的小农户自愿联合起来，组建起各种类型的农民专业合作社，如农产品专业合作社、农民股份合作社、专业协会等。这种被统称为“农民专业合作社”的制度形式如雨后春笋般出现在我国广大的农村地区，并快速发展起来。进入2000年以后，合作社制度发生了一些新的变化，趋向股份化、多要素合作等，合作形式开始变得多种多样，我们将这些新生的合作社统称为新型的农民合作社。本文运用交易费用理论、产权理论、企业治理理论，收入分配理论等为工具，以江苏省苏州市为例证，通过理论分析和实证研究，揭示了新型农民合作社影响农民收入的内部机制，分析了我国农民合作社利益机制的现状、问题、发展。指出了传统合作社制度的一些不足之处，提出了我国农民合作社制度改革和创新的发展方向，并给出了具体的方案和对策建议。实证分析方面，运用双重差分模型（DID模型）对农民的收入影响因素进行实证研究，以考察新型合作社的对于农民收入的促进效应。以往的合作社论文中，往往是对合作社制度的理论分析和案例分析，以定性分析为主，在少量的合作社定量分析中，有加入和未加入合作社的农民收入增长的对比分析，本文进一步将入股社员和未入股社员的收入增长进行对比，来比较紧密型社员和松散型社员在利用合作社对自身收入的促进效果上有何不同；并且考察了合作社内部治理机制对合作社运营效率和农民收入的影响。然后本文列举了三个典型的合作社案例，比较了不同模式和不同治理机制的合作社发展状况，进一步验证了理论分析和实证分析的结论。最后，本文得出了结论：加入合作社对农民的收益有正向的促进作用；入股社员比松散型社员收入增长更快；规范合理的合作社产权制度和治理机制有利于提高合作社的效益和农民收入，合作社应该建立使农民联系更加紧密的公平合理的股金制度，同时坚持社员的民主管理制度；合作社的股份化和市场化是不可逆转的趋势；将来，我国可以借鉴美国的经验，在建立公开的、规范的交易市场前提下，在一定范围内，将农民的股份市场化，这样才能将市场信号导入合作社内部，有利于建立更加有效率的合作社制度，使合作社更加适应市场的变化。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, with the acceleration of the market-oriented process of agricultural production and the continuous improvement of agricultural productivity, the market pattern of agricultural products in China has gradually changed from the seller's market to the buyer's market. Especially after China's entry into WTO in 2001, the competition of agricultural products is becoming more and more fierce and globalization, so it is more and more difficult for small farmers to adapt to the changes of domestic and foreign markets. The difficulty in selling agricultural products and the slow increase in farmers' income have been the real problems that have plagued the agricultural development of our country for a long time. Since the mid-1980s, in order to cope with the needs of agricultural modernization, marketization and internationalization, we have solved the contradiction between small farmers and the large market. Decentralized small farmers voluntarily unite to form various types of farmers' professional cooperatives, such as specialized agricultural cooperatives, farmers' share cooperatives, professional associations and so on. This system, which is called "Farmers' specialized Cooperative", sprang up in the vast rural areas of China and developed rapidly. Since the beginning of 2000, some new changes have taken place in the cooperative system, such as demutualization, multi-factor cooperation and so on. This paper uses transaction cost theory, property right theory, corporate governance theory, income distribution theory as the tool, taking Suzhou City of Jiangsu Province as an example, through theoretical analysis and empirical research. This paper reveals the internal mechanism of the new type of farmers' co-operatives influencing the peasants' income, and analyzes the present situation, problems and development of the benefit mechanism of the farmers' cooperatives in our country. This paper points out some shortcomings of the traditional cooperative system, puts forward the developing direction of the reform and innovation of the peasant cooperative system in our country, and gives some concrete plans and countermeasures. In the aspect of empirical analysis, double difference model (DID model) is used to study the influencing factors of farmers' income in order to investigate the promoting effect of new type cooperatives on farmers' income. In the previous cooperative papers, the theoretical analysis and the case study of cooperative system are often focused on qualitative analysis. In a small number of cooperative quantitative analysis, there is a comparative analysis of the income growth of farmers who have joined or not joined the cooperative. This article further compares the income growth of the members with or without shares in order to compare the effect of promoting their income by the use of the cooperative between the compact members and the loose members. The influence of cooperative internal governance mechanism on cooperative operation efficiency and farmers' income is also investigated. Then this paper enumerates three typical cooperative cases, compares the development of cooperatives with different modes and different governance mechanisms, and further verifies the conclusions of theoretical analysis and empirical analysis. Finally, the paper draws a conclusion that joining the cooperative has a positive effect on the farmers' income, the income of the member who shares the shares increases faster than that of the loose member, and the income of the member of the loose type increases more quickly than that of the loose member. Standardizing reasonable cooperative property right system and governance mechanism is helpful to improve the benefit and income of the cooperative. The cooperative should establish a fair and reasonable share payment system which can make farmers more closely connected, and insist on the democratic management system of the members. The demutualization and marketization of cooperatives is an irreversible trend. In the future, China can learn from the experience of the United States and, on the premise of establishing an open and standardized trading market, marketize farmers' shares to a certain extent. Only in this way can the market signal be introduced into the cooperatives, which is conducive to the establishment of a more efficient cooperative system and the adaptation of the cooperatives to the changes in the market.
【学位授予单位】：浙江财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F321.42;F323.8

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