高分影像下晋江流域土地利用景观格局变化及其粒度效应

发布时间：2018-08-26 09:14

【摘要】：在全球环境变化背景下,尺度问题与时空异质性已成为景观生态学中的重要研究内容。在尺度方面,中低分辨率影像由于观测数据的限制,不能有效地识别细尺度下格局的特征或其变化特征。在时空异质性方面,全面而准确地测度区域内土地利用动态变化信息,是指导土地资源管理实践的必要前提,同时也是土地利用变化生态环境效应研究的关键。本文以晋江流域为研究对象,基于2005年、2010年SPOT5高分遥感影像(空间分辨率为2.5m)数据,分析了晋江流域土地利用的现状特征；选取晋江流域三个典型子流域,分析了28种景观指数的粒度效应,通过常用的三种尺度函数评价了可预测响应型指数的尺度下推精度,探讨了研究区景观格局分析中适宜粒度的选择；在此基础上,构建了置换变化与代换变化的土地利用动态变化模型,并结合景观指数,分析了2005-2010年晋江流域土地利用景观格局的动态变化特征。结果表明：(1)2010年,晋江流域以林地、园地、耕地、建设用地为主；土地利用景观呈现明显的地形分异特征。(2)随着粒度变粗,流域各种景观指数的粒度效应明显,其变化响应规律可以分为可预测响应型、分段可预测型、阶梯变化型与波动变化型等4类,其中,分段可预测型由可预测响应型分化而来。(3)在可预测响应型指数中,香农多样性指数、蔓延度、平均斑块分维数的尺度函数对空间分辨率大小不敏感；而高分影像对边界密度、平均斑块形状指数、平均斑块邻近指数、聚合度这4种指数的尺度函数建立影响较大,并且区域差异性也较大。(4)2005-2010年间,流域内的林地、园地、建设用地等优势景观类型与交通用地逐渐增加；草地、灌丛、水域、未利用地等多种稀少自然景观类型与耕地逐渐减少,且这些稀少景观类型的动态变化程度较大。其中,耕地的置换变化主要与园地、水域、林地、草地之间发生；园地以代换变化为主,主要集中在草地-园地与园地-林地之间；林地的代换变化则是在自然景观-林地与林地-人工景观之间进行的。(5)2005-2010年间,流域内的景观格局总体变化明显,主要体现在景观多样性下降,斑块的大小与形状均趋于极端化；其中,林地、建设用地、交通用地趋于集聚,而其他景观类型趋向于离散分布。
[Abstract]:In the context of global environmental change, scale problems and spatio-temporal heterogeneity have become an important research content in landscape ecology. In the aspect of scale, because of the limitation of observation data, the low resolution image can not effectively identify the characteristics of pattern or its variation in small scale. In the aspect of spatial and temporal heterogeneity, it is a necessary prerequisite to guide the land resource management practice to measure the dynamic change information of land use in a comprehensive and accurate way, and it is also the key to study the ecological and environmental effects of land use change. Based on the data of SPOT5 high score remote sensing image (spatial resolution of 2.5m) in 2005 and 2010, this paper analyzes the present characteristics of land use in Jinjiang basin, and selects three typical sub-basins of Jinjiang River Basin. This paper analyzes the granularity effect of 28 landscape indices, evaluates the scaling down accuracy of predictable response indices through three kinds of scale functions, and discusses the selection of appropriate granularity in landscape pattern analysis in the study area. The land use dynamic change model of replacement change and replacement change was constructed, and the dynamic change characteristics of land use landscape pattern in Jinjiang River Basin from 2005 to 2010 were analyzed with landscape index. The results showed that: (1) in 2010, forest land, garden land, cultivated land and construction land were the main factors in Jinjiang watershed, and the landscape of land use showed obvious characteristics of terrain differentiation. (2) with the grain size increasing, the granularity effect of various landscape indices was obvious. The change response can be divided into four types: predictable response type, piecewise predictable type, step change type and fluctuating change type. Among them, the piecewise predictable response type is differentiated from the predictable response type. (3) in the predictable response index, The scale function of Shannon diversity index, spread degree and mean fractal dimension of patch is not sensitive to spatial resolution, while high score image is not sensitive to boundary density, average patch shape index, average patch proximity index, The establishment of scale function of the four indexes of degree of aggregation has a great influence on the establishment of scale function, and the regional difference is also great. (4) from 2005 to 2010, the dominant landscape types of forest land, garden land, construction land and traffic land in the watershed gradually increased, and the grassland, scrub, water area, etc. Many rare natural landscape types such as unused land and cultivated land gradually decreased, and the dynamic changes of these sparse landscape types were relatively large. Among them, the change of cultivated land is mainly between garden land, water area, forest land and grassland, and the change of garden land is mainly between grassland and garden land and forest land. The change of forest land is between the natural landscape and woodland and artificial landscape. (5) from 2005 to 2010, the landscape pattern in the watershed changed obviously, mainly reflected in the decline of landscape diversity, the size and shape of patches tend to be extreme; Among them, woodland, construction land and traffic land tend to gather, while other landscape types tend to discrete distribution.
【学位授予单位】：福建师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F301.2;P901

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