河南省农地流转绩效研究

发布时间：2018-08-26 20:49

【摘要】：在建设社会主义新农村的背景下,农村土地流转问题备受关注,这和农业的规模化经营、农村劳动力的转移以及生态环境的和谐发展紧密相关。近几年,河南省农地流转有序发展,取得了一定成绩,农地流转规模不断扩大,流转形式和流转主体呈现多元化趋势,流转的经济效益、社会效益以及综合效益相比全国平均水平有较大的提高。但河南省农地流转依然存在一些问题,本文从农村土地流转的目标和功能出发,从经济、社会、生态三个方面共选取了13项指标来评价农村土地流转的综合绩效,并运用层次分析法对农地流转绩效的各个指标进行赋权,构建农地流转绩效的指标体系,全面考察河南农地流转绩效的影响因素,并与全国和浙江省进行对比,发现河南省农地流转的独有特点以及在全国中的处于何种水平。通过对2006年、2010年和2014年的农地流转相关指标进行数据分析,发现河南省农地流转的综合绩效增长率为26.23%,经济绩效增长率为16.03%,社会绩效增长率99.03%,生态绩效增长率为-42.25%。经济绩效和社会绩效增长较为明显,而生态绩效却逐年下降,这说明了河南省在发展农业规模化经营的同时忽视了对生态环境的保护。在对农村土地流转绩效影响因素的分析中,发现产业结构、城镇化率、生态农业的比重和交易成本对农地流转的经济效益、社会效益和生态效益都会造成影响。针对出现的问题,应该在充分尊重当前的土地制度下,以现行的土地法律制度为框架,逐步在实践中尊重农民关于农地流转摸索的改革,发挥市场机制的决定性作用,完善农地产权制度,积极稳妥的推广土地的确权颁证。政府要充分发挥宏观调控功能,建立一个劳动力、农地、和资金等要素的合理流动的市场体系,妥善解决农村劳动力的就业问题,农业资源的配置问题,鼓励和扶持龙头型农业公司的发展,大力发展农村合作社,促进传统农业向现代农业的转型。国家、政府可为农村劳动力转移制定出科学合理的规划,加大政策引导力度,积极推动城镇化建设,优化产业结构,使农村剩余劳动力合理、合法的流动,增强农民转出农地的意愿,同时将农民自身的资源带入城镇,促进本省产业结构的调整和城镇化的建设。农地作为不可再生的资源,一旦遭到破坏,就很难得到再生,一定要防止农地流转过程中,农地遭到破坏情况的发生,争取以较少的农业资源消耗获得较高的综合效益,建立激励农业资源合理利用和保护的机制,实现农地流转经济效益、生态效益和生态效益的统一。
[Abstract]:In the context of building a new socialist countryside, the issue of rural land circulation has attracted much attention, which is closely related to the large-scale management of agriculture, the transfer of rural labor force and the harmonious development of ecological environment. In recent years, agricultural land circulation in Henan Province has developed in an orderly manner, with certain achievements, the scale of agricultural land transfer has been continuously expanded, the circulation forms and main bodies have shown a trend of diversification, and the economic benefits of the circulation have been achieved. Social and comprehensive benefits have been greatly improved compared with the national average. However, there are still some problems in the rural land circulation in Henan Province. This paper selects 13 indexes from three aspects of economy, society and ecology to evaluate the comprehensive performance of rural land circulation from the goal and function of rural land circulation. And use AHP to empower each index of farmland transfer performance, construct the index system of farmland transfer performance, investigate the influencing factors of agricultural land transfer performance in Henan province, and compare with the whole country and Zhejiang province. Find out the unique characteristics of agricultural land circulation in Henan Province and the level in the whole country. Through the data analysis of agricultural land transfer in 2006, 2010 and 2014, it is found that the comprehensive performance growth rate of agricultural land circulation in Henan Province is 26.233.The economic performance growth rate is 16.03. the social performance growth rate is 99.03, and the ecological performance growth rate is -42.25. The increase of economic performance and social performance is obvious, but the ecological performance is declining year by year, which shows that Henan province neglects the protection of ecological environment while developing agricultural large-scale management. In the analysis of the factors influencing the performance of rural land circulation, it is found that the industrial structure, the rate of urbanization, the proportion of ecological agriculture and the transaction cost will have an impact on the economic, social and ecological benefits of agricultural land transfer. In order to solve the problems, we should, under the condition of fully respecting the current land system and taking the current land legal system as the framework, gradually respect the farmers' reform on the agricultural land circulation and grope in practice, and give play to the decisive role of the market mechanism. Improve the system of farmland property rights, actively and steadily promote the right to land certification. The government should give full play to its macro-control functions, establish a market system of rational flow of labor, farmland, and capital, and properly solve the employment problem of rural labor force and the allocation of agricultural resources. Encourage and support the development of leading agricultural companies, vigorously develop rural cooperatives, promote the transformation of traditional agriculture to modern agriculture. The state, the government can formulate scientific and reasonable plans for the transfer of rural labor, increase policy guidance, actively promote the construction of urbanization, optimize the industrial structure, and make the rural surplus labor reasonably and legally mobile. At the same time, the farmers' own resources should be brought into the towns to promote the adjustment of the province's industrial structure and the construction of urbanization. Agricultural land, as a non-renewable resource, once destroyed, it is difficult to regenerate. It is necessary to prevent the destruction of agricultural land in the process of agricultural land transfer, and strive to obtain higher comprehensive benefits with less consumption of agricultural resources. To establish a mechanism to encourage the rational utilization and protection of agricultural resources, and to realize the unity of economic benefit, ecological benefit and ecological benefit of agricultural land circulation.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F321.1

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