长沙市不同土地利用方式对土壤理化性质及生态服务功能的影响
发布时间：2018-08-30 12:00
【摘要】：本研究选取长沙市五种主要土地利用方式(农用地、林地、草地、建设用地绿地、未利用地)为研究对象,参考森林生态系统服务功能评估规范,根据现有的土地利用数据,运用野外调查和实验室分析相结合的方法,探讨了土壤理化性质,理化性质之间的相关性,计算了长沙市2013年生态服务功能价值(涵养水源、保持土壤、固碳、净化大气),研究成果可以为长沙市城市土地利用的科学管理与规划,制定生态补偿机制提供合理的依据,这可以推进生态环境建设,实现土地利用在经济、生态、社会效益等方面的共赢。研究结果表明：(1)在不同土地利用方式土壤的理化性质中,除草地外,其土地它利用方式土壤的自然含水率呈随深度增加而增加的趋势,变化趋势与土壤的容重、毛管孔隙度、总毛管孔隙度的变化趋势相反,不同土地利用方式同一土层之间的差异性均为显著(P0.05)；长沙市土壤基本呈酸性,土壤全N、全K、全P在含量上属偏低水平,不同土地利用方式土壤的有机碳、全N、全K、全P在垂直分布上均呈随着深度加深而降低的趋势,且各层次之间均有一定差异性,在水平分布上,除人为施加肥料的农用地与其它利用方式土地差异性极显著外(P0.01),其它土地利用方式土壤在全N、全K、全P含量上无显著性差异。五种土地利用方式土壤的C/N值在2.12～21.21之间,其中林地和草地的C/N值远高于其它几种类型土地。(2)在整个研究区内土壤理化性质各指标中,自然含水率与容重、容重与全K、pH与SOC之间呈负相关关系(P0.05),其中自然含水率与容重、pH与SOC之间呈极显著的负相关关系(P0.01),而自然含水率与全N、全P、全K之间；全N与全P、全K之间；全P与全K之间均呈极显著的正相关关系(P0.01)。在不同土地利用方式中,其中农用地土壤自然含水率与容重呈极显著的负相关关系(P0.01)。林地土壤的SOC与全N、全P呈极显著的正相关关系(P0.01)。草地土壤的SOC与全N、全K；全N与全K之间均呈显著正相关关系(P0.05),且全N与全K之间呈极显著正相关关系(P0.01)。建设用地绿地土壤的自然含水率与全N、全P呈显著负相关关系(P0.05)其中全N与全P呈现极显著正相关关系(P0.01)。(3)由于受人为及自然因素影响程度不同,导致了不同土地利用方式下单位面积的生态服务价值有较大差异。其中,涵养水源方面价值排序为：林地农用地草地建设用地绿地未利用地；在保持土壤方面价值排序为：农用地林地建设用地绿地草地未利用地；在固碳价值方面价值排序为：林地草地农用地建设用地绿地未利用地；在净化大气价值方面排序为：林地建设用地绿地农用地草地未利用地,这四种服务功能总价值大小表现为：林地农用地建设用地绿地草地未利用地。(4)长沙市生态系统具有较大的生态价值,约133.74×108元。在总生态价值中,水源涵养、土壤保持、固碳、净化大气的价值分别为76.07×108元、22.87×108元、12.43×108元、22.46×108元,分别占总价值的56.88%、17.03%、9.29%、16.80%。单位面积水源涵养、土壤保持、固碳、净化大气价值分别为：7172.72元/hm2,2147.52元/hm2,1171.96元/hm2,2118.10元/hm2。
[Abstract]:Five main land use patterns (agricultural land, woodland, grassland, construction land, unused land) in Changsha City were selected as the research objects, and the physical and chemical properties of soil were discussed by means of field investigation and laboratory analysis according to the existing land use data and the criteria of forest ecosystem service function assessment. The ecological service value of Changsha in 2013 (water conservation, soil conservation, carbon sequestration, air purification) was calculated. The research results can provide a reasonable basis for the scientific management and planning of urban land use in Changsha and the formulation of ecological compensation mechanism, which can promote the construction of ecological environment and realize land use in Changsha. The results show that: (1) In the physical and chemical properties of soils under different land use patterns, except grassland, the natural water content of soils under different land use patterns tends to increase with the increase of soil depth, and the change trend is in accordance with soil bulk density, capillary porosity and total capillary porosity. On the contrary, the difference of the same soil layer between different land use patterns was significant (P 0.05); the soil in Changsha was basically acidic, and the contents of total N, total K and total P were low. The organic carbon, total N, total K and total P in the soil of different land use patterns decreased with the depth of the soil, and the vertical distribution of all levels were all decreasing. There is a certain difference in the horizontal distribution, except for the difference between manure-applied agricultural land and other land use methods (P 0.01), there is no significant difference in the total N, total K, total P content in other land use methods. The C/N values of the five land use methods ranged from 2.12 to 21.21, among which the C/N values of forest land and grassland are far higher. (2) Natural water content and bulk density, bulk density and total K, pH and SOC were negatively correlated (P 0.05) among the indexes of soil physical and chemical properties in the whole study area, in which natural water content and bulk density, pH and SOC were negatively correlated (P 0.01), while natural water content and total N, total P, total K were negatively correlated (P 0.01). There was a very significant positive correlation between total P and total K (P 0.01). There was a very significant negative correlation between soil natural water content and bulk density (P 0.01) in different land use patterns. There was a significant positive correlation between total N and total K (P 0.05), and a very significant positive correlation between total N and total K (P 0.01). There are great differences in the value of ecological services per unit area under different land use patterns. Among them, the order of the value of water conservation is as follows: unused land of forest land, agricultural land, grassland construction land, green land, and grassland; unused land of agricultural land, forestland, construction land, grassland, and value of carbon sequestration. The results are as follows: unused land of forestland, grassland, farmland, construction land, green land and grassland; unused land of forestland and grassland; unused land of forestland, construction land, green land, farmland and grassland; unused land of forestland and grassland; unused land of green land and grassland; unused land of forestland and grassland; unused land of forestland, construction land, construction land, green land and grassland; unused land Among the total ecological value, the value of water conservation, soil conservation, carbon sequestration and air purification were 76.07 108, 22.87 108, 12.43 108, 22.46 108, accounting for 56.88%, 17.03%, 9.29%, 16.80% of the total value respectively. The value of water conservation, soil conservation, carbon sequestration and air purification per unit area were 7172.72 yuan/hm, respectively. 22147.52 yuan /hm21171.96 yuan /hm22118.10 yuan /hm2.
【学位授予单位】：中南林业科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S153;F301.2
本文编号：2213011
[Abstract]:Five main land use patterns (agricultural land, woodland, grassland, construction land, unused land) in Changsha City were selected as the research objects, and the physical and chemical properties of soil were discussed by means of field investigation and laboratory analysis according to the existing land use data and the criteria of forest ecosystem service function assessment. The ecological service value of Changsha in 2013 (water conservation, soil conservation, carbon sequestration, air purification) was calculated. The research results can provide a reasonable basis for the scientific management and planning of urban land use in Changsha and the formulation of ecological compensation mechanism, which can promote the construction of ecological environment and realize land use in Changsha. The results show that: (1) In the physical and chemical properties of soils under different land use patterns, except grassland, the natural water content of soils under different land use patterns tends to increase with the increase of soil depth, and the change trend is in accordance with soil bulk density, capillary porosity and total capillary porosity. On the contrary, the difference of the same soil layer between different land use patterns was significant (P 0.05); the soil in Changsha was basically acidic, and the contents of total N, total K and total P were low. The organic carbon, total N, total K and total P in the soil of different land use patterns decreased with the depth of the soil, and the vertical distribution of all levels were all decreasing. There is a certain difference in the horizontal distribution, except for the difference between manure-applied agricultural land and other land use methods (P 0.01), there is no significant difference in the total N, total K, total P content in other land use methods. The C/N values of the five land use methods ranged from 2.12 to 21.21, among which the C/N values of forest land and grassland are far higher. (2) Natural water content and bulk density, bulk density and total K, pH and SOC were negatively correlated (P 0.05) among the indexes of soil physical and chemical properties in the whole study area, in which natural water content and bulk density, pH and SOC were negatively correlated (P 0.01), while natural water content and total N, total P, total K were negatively correlated (P 0.01). There was a very significant positive correlation between total P and total K (P 0.01). There was a very significant negative correlation between soil natural water content and bulk density (P 0.01) in different land use patterns. There was a significant positive correlation between total N and total K (P 0.05), and a very significant positive correlation between total N and total K (P 0.01). There are great differences in the value of ecological services per unit area under different land use patterns. Among them, the order of the value of water conservation is as follows: unused land of forest land, agricultural land, grassland construction land, green land, and grassland; unused land of agricultural land, forestland, construction land, grassland, and value of carbon sequestration. The results are as follows: unused land of forestland, grassland, farmland, construction land, green land and grassland; unused land of forestland and grassland; unused land of forestland, construction land, green land, farmland and grassland; unused land of forestland and grassland; unused land of green land and grassland; unused land of forestland and grassland; unused land of forestland, construction land, construction land, green land and grassland; unused land Among the total ecological value, the value of water conservation, soil conservation, carbon sequestration and air purification were 76.07 108, 22.87 108, 12.43 108, 22.46 108, accounting for 56.88%, 17.03%, 9.29%, 16.80% of the total value respectively. The value of water conservation, soil conservation, carbon sequestration and air purification per unit area were 7172.72 yuan/hm, respectively. 22147.52 yuan /hm21171.96 yuan /hm22118.10 yuan /hm2.
【学位授予单位】：中南林业科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S153;F301.2
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