南太平洋长鳍金枪鱼可持续发展的初步研究
发布时间：2018-08-31 14:42
【摘要】：长鳍金枪鱼(Thunnus alalunga)渔业始于20世纪50年代,现已成为太平洋金枪鱼延绳钓渔业中的重要经济鱼种。目前长鳍金枪鱼渔业主要由中西太平洋渔业委员会(WCPFC)和美洲间热带金枪鱼委员会负责管理。其中WCPFC管理区域内的南太平洋长鳍金枪鱼资源状况良好,并未出现过度捕捞,2013年其渔获量为68415吨,约为当年全球长鳍总渔获量的三分之一。虽然其资源状况良好,但是其渔业经济状况却令人担忧。相较于2012年,在2013年,南太平洋长鳍渔业是该地区所有金枪鱼渔业中唯一渔获总量未出现变化,但其渔获价值由于价格的变化而下降了29%的经济鱼种。因此关于长鳍金枪鱼经济方面的研究,对该渔业的可持续发展有着重要的参考价值。本文对长鳍金枪鱼的区域性渔业发展及管理趋势,国际贸易发展趋势,可持续发展理论等方面进行了理论性的分析。然后对中西太平洋海域(4°S-25°S、160°E-160°W)内作业的138艘长鳍金枪鱼渔船进行了船型分析,最后选取6艘最具代表性的渔船进对其进行基于NPV(Net Present Value)理论的成本效益分析,并对其结果及其应对方式进行了讨论,提出了一些可行性建议。主要结果如下:(1)WCPFC管辖区域内,2013年渔获量为68415吨,主要渔获国家和地区为中国,中国台湾省和斐济。我国目前在该区域内作业的延绳钓渔船共有286艘,2012年我国的长鳍金枪鱼渔获量占整个WCPFC管辖区域内全部长鳍金枪鱼渔获量的35%,是WCPFC管理区域内南太平洋长鳍金枪鱼的最大渔获国,而我国的所有长鳍金枪鱼渔获中超过半数是来自于公海作业区域。(2)目前中国的长鳍金枪鱼出口贸易发展迅速,2013长鳍金枪鱼净出口量达到了5251.16吨,净出口额为2654.45万美元。相较于2012年有明显的增长,同时进口量有了明显的下降,该情况表明目前中国长鳍进出口贸易对于进口原材料的依赖性逐渐降低,长鳍渔获逐渐“回流”国内。这些渔获中超过一半来自于WCPFC管辖海域。我国浙江宁波、舟山,山东荣成等地都已逐步形成了金枪鱼加工产业基地,但这些基地的产品,多数销往欧美,只有少量在国内市场中售卖。而国内市场相较于欧美等成熟市场,仍处于初级阶段,具有较大的发展潜力。(3)船长是长鳍金枪鱼延绳钓渔船最重要的船型参数,专属经济区内作业船只长度明显小于公海区域作业的船只。样本船只的船长范围为20-45m,其中专属经济区内作业的优势船长为30-40m,而在公海区域内作业船只的优势船长为35-45m。(4)2014年,专属经济区(EEZ)内作业渔船的经济状况明显好于公海区域内作业船只,并且专属经济区内作业船只的渔获价格盈亏平衡点低于2014年的渔获价格水平。专属经济区内作业的中型渔船是最具经济效益的渔船。(5)依据相关资源管理政策分析后,所有渔船的20年NPV都为负值,其渔获价格盈亏平衡点都要高于2014年的渔获价格水平,专属经济区域内作业渔船达到盈亏平衡点所需的价格增量均值为10.11%,公海区域内则为33.61%。(6)对于长鳍金枪鱼未来的发展而言,首先是“开源节流”,减少成本的支出,提高渔获的收入,尽可能的优化船队组成架构,保证其渔业的可持续发展。其次要与岛国开展深入合作,保证我国在岛国专属经济区内的入渔权,与岛国合资建立金枪鱼产品加工厂,提高产品的贸易价值。最后需开发国内市场,国内市场的开发不仅能让国人享用到优质的深海金枪鱼食品,同时还能提高我国在长鳍金枪鱼贸易中的竞争力。
[Abstract]:Thunnus alalunga fishery began in the 1950s and has become an important economic species in the Pacific tuna longline fishery. At present, the long fin tuna fishery is mainly managed by the Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC) and the Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission (IATTC). The South Pacific longline fishery is managed by the WCPFC. Fin tuna resources are in good condition, and there is no overfishing. In 2013, it caught 68,415 tons, about one-third of the world's total long-fin catch. Although its resources are in good condition, its fishery economy is worrying. Compared with 2012 and 2013, the South Pacific long-fin fishery is one of all tuna fisheries in the region. The only catch has not changed, but the catch value has dropped by 29% because of the price change. Therefore, the study on the economy of albacore tuna has important reference value for the sustainable development of the fishery. Then, 138 long-fin tuna fishing vessels operating in the western and central Pacific Ocean (4 degrees S-25 degrees S, 160 degrees E-160 degrees W) are analyzed. Finally, six of the most representative fishing vessels are selected to carry out cost-benefit analysis based on the NPV (Net Present Value) theory, and the results are summarized. The main results are as follows: (1) In the jurisdiction of WCPFC, the catch in 2013 was 68 415 tons. The main catch countries and regions were China, Taiwan Province of China and Fiji. The catch accounted for 35% of all long-fin tuna catches in the WCPFC jurisdiction, and was the largest catch country in the WCPFC jurisdiction. More than half of all long-fin tuna catches in China came from the high seas operation area. (2) At present, China's long-fin tuna export trade is developing rapidly, and the long-fin tuna in 2013 is the largest catch country in the WCPFC jurisdiction. The net export volume of tuna reached 5251.16 tons and the net export volume was $26.5445 million. Compared with 2012, there was a significant increase and a significant decrease in the import volume. This indicates that the dependence of import and export trade on imported raw materials in China's long fin trade is gradually decreasing, and the long fin catch is gradually returning to China. China has gradually formed tuna processing industrial bases in Ningbo, Zhoushan, Shandong Rongcheng and other places, but most of the products from these bases are sold to Europe and the United States, only a small number are sold in the domestic market. (3) The captain is the most important ship type parameter of long-fin tuna longline fishing vessel, and the length of vessels operating in the exclusive economic zone is obviously smaller than that of vessels operating in the high seas. The captain range of the sample vessels is 20-45m, in which the dominant captain operating in the exclusive economic zone is 30-40m, while the dominant captain operating in the high seas is 35-45m. In 14 years, the economic situation of fishing vessels operating in EEZ is obviously better than that of vessels operating in high seas, and the break-even point of catching price of vessels operating in EEZ is lower than that of 2014. The medium-sized fishing vessels operating in EEZ are the most economic fishing vessels. (5) According to the relevant resource management administration. After the policy analysis, the NPV of all fishing vessels in the past 20 years was negative, and the break-even point of their catch prices was higher than that of 2014. The average increment of prices needed for fishing vessels operating in the exclusive economic zone to reach the break-even point was 10.11%. In the high seas region, it was 33.61%. (6) For the future development of long-fin tuna, the first step was " Second, we should cooperate with the island countries to ensure the right to fish in the exclusive economic zones of the island countries, establish joint ventures with the island countries to set up tuna product processing plants and improve the trade value of the products. After that, we need to develop the domestic market. The development of the domestic market can not only make our people enjoy high quality deep-sea tuna food, but also improve our competitiveness in the long-fin tuna trade.
【学位授予单位】：上海海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F316.4
本文编号：2215300
[Abstract]:Thunnus alalunga fishery began in the 1950s and has become an important economic species in the Pacific tuna longline fishery. At present, the long fin tuna fishery is mainly managed by the Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC) and the Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission (IATTC). The South Pacific longline fishery is managed by the WCPFC. Fin tuna resources are in good condition, and there is no overfishing. In 2013, it caught 68,415 tons, about one-third of the world's total long-fin catch. Although its resources are in good condition, its fishery economy is worrying. Compared with 2012 and 2013, the South Pacific long-fin fishery is one of all tuna fisheries in the region. The only catch has not changed, but the catch value has dropped by 29% because of the price change. Therefore, the study on the economy of albacore tuna has important reference value for the sustainable development of the fishery. Then, 138 long-fin tuna fishing vessels operating in the western and central Pacific Ocean (4 degrees S-25 degrees S, 160 degrees E-160 degrees W) are analyzed. Finally, six of the most representative fishing vessels are selected to carry out cost-benefit analysis based on the NPV (Net Present Value) theory, and the results are summarized. The main results are as follows: (1) In the jurisdiction of WCPFC, the catch in 2013 was 68 415 tons. The main catch countries and regions were China, Taiwan Province of China and Fiji. The catch accounted for 35% of all long-fin tuna catches in the WCPFC jurisdiction, and was the largest catch country in the WCPFC jurisdiction. More than half of all long-fin tuna catches in China came from the high seas operation area. (2) At present, China's long-fin tuna export trade is developing rapidly, and the long-fin tuna in 2013 is the largest catch country in the WCPFC jurisdiction. The net export volume of tuna reached 5251.16 tons and the net export volume was $26.5445 million. Compared with 2012, there was a significant increase and a significant decrease in the import volume. This indicates that the dependence of import and export trade on imported raw materials in China's long fin trade is gradually decreasing, and the long fin catch is gradually returning to China. China has gradually formed tuna processing industrial bases in Ningbo, Zhoushan, Shandong Rongcheng and other places, but most of the products from these bases are sold to Europe and the United States, only a small number are sold in the domestic market. (3) The captain is the most important ship type parameter of long-fin tuna longline fishing vessel, and the length of vessels operating in the exclusive economic zone is obviously smaller than that of vessels operating in the high seas. The captain range of the sample vessels is 20-45m, in which the dominant captain operating in the exclusive economic zone is 30-40m, while the dominant captain operating in the high seas is 35-45m. In 14 years, the economic situation of fishing vessels operating in EEZ is obviously better than that of vessels operating in high seas, and the break-even point of catching price of vessels operating in EEZ is lower than that of 2014. The medium-sized fishing vessels operating in EEZ are the most economic fishing vessels. (5) According to the relevant resource management administration. After the policy analysis, the NPV of all fishing vessels in the past 20 years was negative, and the break-even point of their catch prices was higher than that of 2014. The average increment of prices needed for fishing vessels operating in the exclusive economic zone to reach the break-even point was 10.11%. In the high seas region, it was 33.61%. (6) For the future development of long-fin tuna, the first step was " Second, we should cooperate with the island countries to ensure the right to fish in the exclusive economic zones of the island countries, establish joint ventures with the island countries to set up tuna product processing plants and improve the trade value of the products. After that, we need to develop the domestic market. The development of the domestic market can not only make our people enjoy high quality deep-sea tuna food, but also improve our competitiveness in the long-fin tuna trade.
【学位授予单位】：上海海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F316.4
【参考文献】
中国期刊全文数据库 前5条
1 林光纪;;渔业公共资源的市场配置及其政策[J];福建水产;2005年04期
2 陈新军,周应祺;基于BP模型的渔业资源可持续利用综合动态评价[J];湛江海洋大学学报;2002年06期
3 张彩霞;李因果;;不确定性投资评价中NPV模型的扩展[J];统计与决策;2006年19期
4 曹宁;高健;;东海竹荚鱼的开发利用和区域共同管理探讨[J];渔业经济研究;2006年05期
5 慕永通,马林娜;个别可转让配额理论的起源与发展[J];中国海洋大学学报(社会科学版);2004年01期
，本文编号：2215300
本文链接：https://www.wllwen.com/jingjilunwen/nongyejingjilunwen/2215300.html
