中国农村集体经济组织产权制度改革研究

发布时间：2018-08-31 14:26

【摘要】：1953年,顺应我国社会主义公有制改造,农村集体经济组织初步建立。之后,集体经济组织经历了互助组、初级社、高级社、人民公社、村镇等一系列组织形式的演变。不同的组织形式对应了不同的组织管理制度安排。与此同时,我国农村集体经济组织产权制度也在经历着不断发展、变革的历程,产权制度作为解决农村政治、经济问题的重要工具,在相应历史时期内对解决农村实际困难、促进农村经济发挥出的作用十分显著。近年来,我国城镇化进程的急剧推进和乡镇城区改扩建项目的不断增多,使得农村集体经济组织频繁面临巨额征地补偿款的分配。集体经济组织征地补偿费、经营性资产收益的分配问题,以及集体经济组织成员的集体资产权益实现问题不断凸显。尤其是城市郊区及沿海发达区域的农村集体经济组织,其传统的运作模式已无法适应新形势下农村集体组织成员的利益需求——传统的农村双层经营体制严重制约着这些经济组织的发展,而逐渐崭露头角的股份制、公司制等较为新颖的农村集体经济组织发展模式也正在对传统经济组织造成强有力的冲击,给新形势下的农村集体经济发展注入了新鲜血液。农村集体经济组织作为集体资产管理的主体,其制度模式的设计牵涉多方的利益,其发展过程中诸多问题不断涌现,严重掣肘集体经济组织生产经营效率的提升和农村民主、公平的建设。特别是农村集体经济组织产权制度问题,关系到农村基本经营制度的完善和农民集体资产权益的保护,因此越来越受到政府和学界重视。2016年10月,中共中央办公厅、国务院印发《关于完善农村土地所有权承包权经营权分置办法的意见》(下文简称《三权分置意见》);12月26日,下发《关于稳步推进农村集体产权制度改革的意见》(下文简称《产权改革意见》),农村集体产权改革进入历史新阶段,从全面深化农村改革的大布局来讲,农村集体产权制度改革是中央部署的一项管长远、管全局的重大改革。本文通过理论结合实际的分析方法,运用新制度经济学理论,结合我国集体产权改革脉络,在深入分析中共中央下发的最新相关文件的基础上,运用产权理论、不完全契约理论和自我约束机制以及制度变迁理论和制度创新理论,从理论上解读政策,分析我国集体经济产权改革实践中面临和存在的问题,并提出解决措施,以期为实现我国农村集体产权“归属清晰、权能完整、流转顺畅、保护严格”的目标,促进农村集体经济展现集体经济优越性、农民持续稳定增收做出贡献。本论文共由5章组成。第1章绪论。本章介绍了在我国全力推进城镇化、农业现代化的大背景下,研究集体经济组织产权制度改革的意义和目的,比较并介绍了国内外研究现状以及本文的研究方法,提出了本文的创新点和不足之处。第2章相关概念和理论基础。本章最先追溯了我国农村集体经济组织自社会主义公有制改造时期成立至今的发展历程及形式,界定了集体资产的范围,然后厘清了现行政策下集体产权权利及权能的内容;最后阐释了本论文的理论基础——产权理论,不完全契约理论及自我约束机制,制度变迁与制度创新理论三大部分。第3章农村集体经济组织产权制度变迁及改革现状。这一章介绍和分析了我国农村集体经济组织作为集体资产管理的主体,其产权制度变迁的历程,以及在中共中央铺开试点、各地积极探索至今,我国集体产权改革的经济和制度建设方面的情况。第4章农村集体经济组织产权制度改革面临问题的制度经济学分析。本章从农村集体所有的资源性资产产权和经营性资产产权两方面出发,介绍了集体产权改革道路上所面临的产权不清晰、产权流转困难、经营性资产效率低下问题,然后从产权界定成本、不完全契约下的委托代理问题、制度变迁等角度,分析了上述问题的源起和归因。第5章推进我国农村集体经济组织产权制度改革的政策建议。本章针对第四章中存在的问题以及农村集体产权改革发展现阶段的不足,从财产权利和民主权利两个层面,提出对策和建议。在财产权利方面,提出在清产核资的基础上,逐步量化资源性资产和非经营性资产,尽快出台法律法规确立集体经济组织合法地位,保护农村产权;从民主权利方面,提出了加强内部激励、自我约束及外部监督措施等解决对策。
[Abstract]:In 1953, the rural collective economic organizations were initially established in accordance with the transformation of socialist public ownership in China. After that, the collective economic organizations experienced the evolution of a series of organizational forms, such as mutual aid groups, junior associations, senior associations, people's communes, villages and towns. The property right system of economic organizations is also undergoing a process of continuous development and transformation. As an important tool to solve the political and economic problems in rural areas, the property right system has played a very significant role in solving the practical difficulties in rural areas and promoting the rural economy in the corresponding historical period. In recent years, the rapid progress of urbanization and the reform of town and town areas in China have been greatly promoted. With the increasing of expansion projects, rural collective economic organizations are frequently faced with the allocation of huge land expropriation compensation. The problems of land expropriation compensation fees, distribution of profit from operating assets, and Realization of collective assets rights and interests of members of collective economic organizations are becoming increasingly prominent, especially in rural areas of Suburban Cities and coastal developed areas. The traditional mode of operation of collective economic organizations has been unable to meet the interests of the members of rural collective organizations in the new situation-the traditional rural double-decker management system seriously restricts the development of these economic organizations, and gradually emerging joint-stock system, corporate system and other relatively new development models of rural collective economic organizations are also being. The rural collective economic organization, as the main body of collective assets management, its system design involves the interests of many parties. In the course of its development, many problems emerge constantly, which seriously hampers the production and operation of collective economic organizations. In October 2016, the General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued (hereinafter referred to as "the Opinions on the Separation of the Three Rights"); On December 26, the Opinions on Steadily Promoting the Reform of the Rural Collective Property Rights System (hereinafter referred to as "the Opinions on the Reform of the Property Rights") were issued, and the reform of the rural collective property rights entered a new historical stage. The reform of the right system is an important reform in the long run and in the overall situation, which the central government has deployed. This paper, by combining theory with practice, applies the theory of new institutional economics and the context of collective property rights reform in China, and on the basis of in-depth analysis of the latest relevant documents issued by the Central Committee of the Communist Party, applies the theory of property rights, incomplete contract theory and incomplete contract theory. The self-restraint mechanism, the theory of institutional change and the theory of institutional innovation, theoretically interpret the policies, analyze the problems faced and existing in the practice of collective economic property rights reform in China, and put forward the solving measures in order to realize the goal of "clear ownership, complete power and function, smooth circulation and strict protection" of rural collective property rights, and promote rural areas. This paper consists of five chapters. Chapter 1 is an introduction. This chapter introduces the significance and purpose of studying the property right system reform of collective economic organizations under the background of urbanization and agricultural modernization in China, and compares and introduces the research status at home and abroad. This chapter first traces the development course and form of rural collective economic organizations since the establishment of socialist public ownership reform period, defines the scope of collective assets, and then clarifies the collective property under the current policy. Chapter 3: The change and reform of the property right system of rural collective economic organizations. This chapter introduces and analyzes the rural collective economic organizations in China. As the main body of collective assets management, the course of its property rights system changes, and the pilot project launched by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, all over the country actively explore the economic and institutional aspects of China's collective property rights reform so far. Chapter 4: Institutional economics analysis of the problems facing the property rights system reform of rural collective economic organizations. Starting from the two aspects of property right of some resources assets and property right of operating assets, this paper introduces the problems of unclear property right, difficult transfer of property right and inefficiency of operating assets on the road of collective property right reform, and then analyzes the above-mentioned problems from the angles of cost of property right definition, principal-agent problem under incomplete contract and institutional change. Chapter 5: Policy Suggestions for Promoting the Reform of Property Right System of Rural Collective Economic Organizations in China On the basis of this, we should quantify resource assets and non-profit assets step by step, promulgate laws and regulations as soon as possible to establish the legitimate status of collective economic organizations and protect rural property rights.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F321.32

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