大菱鲆循环水养殖技术采纳行为及其影响因素分析

发布时间：2018-09-03 16:51

【摘要】：水产养殖业在我国渔业乃至整个大农业中都具有举足轻重的地位。水产养殖业的发展使得海产品不再由单一的海洋捕捞业供给,弥补了海洋捕捞受自然因素的制约的不足,为海洋渔业资源减轻了负担。但是,伴随着人类对动物性蛋白质需求的增高所带来的海鲜产品需求量的增加,水产养殖业不断发展,以流水养殖为主的传统水产养殖业也带来了负面的效果。由于传统的流水养殖模式以个体经营为主,作为主流养殖模式,其投资规模都较小,设施条件不完善,技术不足,特别是其一次性排污养殖流程严重影响了养殖环境,导致了地下海水资源的匮乏以及海产品质量安全堪忧,海水污染浪费严重的问题。产业的自身可持续发展以及产业生产要素的有效利用以及价值的挖掘都是废弃物利用与转化,作为循环经济的重要组成,其不仅带来了较高的经济效益,低污染的技术也产生了巨大的生态效益。作为新型水产养殖技术,水产养殖节能减排技术将推动是渔业可持续发展的有力一环。然而在水产养殖节能减排技术的推广过程中,技术利用主体环境保护意识薄弱、循环经济意识缺乏、服务体系科学技术是第一生产力,水产养殖业的转型要依托于先进技术的武装。从根本上转变养殖方式作为转型的必经途径,推动水产养殖业走向可持续发展之路,以工业化循环水养殖技术为代表的现代化养殖技术取代传统养殖技术必然将成为一种趋势。本文将基于农户行为理论、循环经济理论等重要理论利用数据包络分析法、调查分析法、logistic回归模型等统计及计量分析方法,对技术进步率等对海水养殖业的影响进行研究,同时依托国家鲆鲽类产业技术体系产业经济岗位团队在鲆鲽类主产区的230家鲆鲽类养殖户的调查数据,从供求的角度对大菱鲆循环水养殖技术的推广现状进行分析,研究结果表明:从需求主体角度来看,养殖户对环境保护认知程度不理想,资金问题是养殖户参与节能减排技术的主要瓶颈。从供给主体角度来看,技术的扩散途径单一,政策的支持力度较小是主要影响因素。通过对养殖户节能减排技术采纳行为影响因素进行相关性分析,结果表明:雇主年龄、雇主学历、是否常与综合试验站(或农技员)联系、是否知道养殖过程中会对生态环境造成影响、是否参加过各类养殖节能减排的技术培训这五个变量对农户技术采纳意愿具有显著影响。根据研究结果进一步提出了相应对策:提高养殖户教育水平,减少渔业技能减排技术推广阻力;拓宽渔业节能减排技术推广途径,提高技术扩散能力;加大政策扶持力度,推动养殖技术转型。
[Abstract]:Aquaculture plays an important role in our country's fishery and even the whole agriculture. With the development of aquaculture, seafood is no longer supplied by a single marine fishing industry, which makes up for the shortage of marine fishing restricted by natural factors and lightens the burden for marine fishery resources. However, with the increase of human demand for animal protein, the increase of seafood product demand, aquaculture industry continues to develop, the traditional aquaculture industry, mainly water farming, has also brought negative effects. Because the traditional water culture mode is mainly self-employed, as the mainstream culture mode, its investment scale is small, facilities are not perfect, and technology is insufficient, especially its one-off sewage aquaculture process has seriously affected the culture environment. It leads to the shortage of underground seawater resources, the poor quality and safety of marine products, and the serious waste of sea water pollution. The sustainable development of industry, the effective utilization of industrial production factors and the mining of its value are the important components of recycling economy, which not only bring higher economic benefits. Low-pollution technologies also produce huge ecological benefits. As a new type of aquaculture technology, aquaculture energy saving and emission reduction technology will promote the sustainable development of fisheries. However, in the process of popularizing the technology of energy saving and emission reduction in aquaculture, the consciousness of environmental protection of the main body of technology utilization is weak, the consciousness of circular economy is lacking, and the science and technology of service system is the first productive force. The transformation of aquaculture industry depends on the armed forces of advanced technology. It is necessary to change the way of aquaculture as a necessary way to promote the sustainable development of aquaculture. It will be a trend to replace the traditional culture technology with the modern culture technology represented by the industrialized circulating water culture technology. In this paper, based on farmer behavior theory, circular economy theory and other important theories, using data envelopment analysis, investigation analysis, logistic regression model and other statistical and econometric analysis methods, the effects of technological progress rate on mariculture are studied. At the same time, relying on the investigation data of 230 flounder breeders in the main flounder production areas by the industrial and economic post team of the national flounder industry technical system, this paper analyzes the present situation of the promotion of the circulating water culture technology of turbot from the point of view of supply and demand. The results show that: from the point of view of demand main body, farmers' cognition of environmental protection is not ideal, and the problem of funds is the main bottleneck of farmers' participation in energy saving and emission reduction technology. From the point of view of the supplier, the diffusion of technology is single, and the policy support is the main factor. Through the correlation analysis of the factors influencing the behavior of energy saving and emission reduction technology adoption of farmers, the results show that: employer age, employer education, whether or not to contact with the comprehensive test station (or agricultural technicians), Whether we know that the breeding process will have an impact on the ecological environment, whether you have participated in all kinds of aquaculture energy saving and emission reduction technology training these five variables have a significant impact on the willingness of farmers to adopt technology. According to the results of the study, the corresponding countermeasures are put forward: to improve the education level of farmers, to reduce the resistance of technical popularization of fishery skills and emission reduction; to broaden the ways to promote the technology of saving energy and reducing emissions of fisheries, to improve the ability of technology diffusion; to increase policy support; Promote the transformation of aquaculture technology.
【学位授予单位】：上海海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F326.4;F323.3

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