新型城镇化进程中提高农民素质的对策研究

发布时间：2018-09-10 14:36

【摘要】：党的十八届三中全会指出在推动社会主义现代进程中,要提高广大农民群众参与建设的积极性和公平性,让改革开放和现代化建设的成果惠及农民群众。然而,适应农村城镇化、现代化发展的实用人才数量、质量并不能满足当前的实际需求,由于农村基础文化教育、农民培训体系的不完善、农村大量劳动力向城市转移,导致农村留守劳动力的素质普遍不高,削弱了农村现代化发展的人力基础,同时,转移的“过剩”劳动力和城镇化人口由于科技文化、专业技能、法制意识和道德素质等的相对不高,不能够清晰迅速认识到自身的市民身份,自觉将城市居民行为规范与道德准则作为践行的标准,导致农村转移人口并不能很好地融入城市,市民化进程缓慢,无法很好地完成其角色转变。可见,农民素质偏低限制了我国更高水平城镇化的推进。要想进一步提高城镇化水平和质量必须更加重视农民主体本身的城镇化,培养适应时代需求的高素质的新型农民,满足农村现代化建设日益增长的对农村智力、人才的需求,只有这样才能保证农民平等地参与农村现代化建设,分享到农村改革发展的果实。本文立足于西方人力资本理论、马克思的关于人的全面发展理论和中国化马克思主义关于农民教育的理论,着重分析了由于中国历史文化、政府投入不足、城乡二元结构、市场经济以及农民主体自身因素导致的我国农民素质偏低的现状,包括:科技文化水平偏低、法律意识淡薄、经营管理能力匮乏、道德标准模糊、参政意识不强、身体健康素质不够高。以及当前我国农民素质现状与新型城镇化建设之间的互动关系:农民素质水平与新型城镇化建设相互促进,同时当前的农民素质水平的发展远远滞后于新型城镇化进程并制约着更高水平城镇化的推进。从国外农民素质培养实践中找到最具代表性的发达及发展中国家进行分析,结合我国农民素质现存的状况和新型城镇化建设的实践,汲取国外有益的经验启示,探讨了在我国新型城镇化建设的背景下提高农民素质的对策,从多角度、多层次结合整体性提高农民素质出发提出了相关的措施、对策,为促进农民素质与城镇化建设协调提供理论依据和指导。最终目的就是希望越来越多的人关注农民素质,帮助农民提高他们自身的整体素质,获得更高的幸福感,从而更加积极地参与未来的新型城镇化建设。
[Abstract]:The Third Plenary Session of the Eighteenth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China pointed out that in the process of promoting socialist modernization, the enthusiasm and fairness of the broad masses of peasants in participating in the construction should be enhanced so that the achievements of reform, opening up and modernization can benefit the peasants. However, the quantity of practical talents adapted to rural urbanization and the development of modernization can not meet the current reality. Demand, as a result of the rural basic culture education, the imperfection of the peasant training system, the transfer of a large number of rural labor force to the city, resulting in the quality of rural left-behind labor force is generally not high, weakening the human base of rural modernization development, at the same time, the transfer of "surplus" labor force and urbanized population due to scientific and technological culture, professional skills, legal intentions. The relatively low level of awareness and moral quality, unable to clearly and quickly recognize their own citizenship, consciously taking urban residents'behavioral norms and moral norms as the standards of practice, leads to rural migrants can not be well integrated into the city, the process of urbanization is slow, can not well complete its role change. In order to further improve the level and quality of urbanization, we must pay more attention to the urbanization of farmers themselves, cultivate high-quality new farmers to meet the needs of the times, and meet the increasing demand for rural intelligence and talents in the modernization of rural areas. Based on the western human capital theory, Marx's comprehensive development theory and Sinicized Marxism's theory on peasant education, this paper analyzes emphatically the dualistic structure of urban and rural areas, market economy and the lack of government input due to Chinese history and culture. And the present situation of the low quality of the peasants caused by the peasants themselves, including the low level of science and technology, weak legal consciousness, lack of management ability, vague moral standards, weak sense of participation in politics, insufficient health quality. The quality level of peasants and the construction of new-type urbanization promote each other. At the same time, the development of peasants'quality level lags far behind the process of new-type urbanization and restricts the promotion of higher-level urbanization. The existing situation and the practice of the new-type urbanization construction, drawing on the beneficial experience and Enlightenment from foreign countries, have probed into the countermeasure of improving the peasants'quality under the background of the new-type urbanization construction in our country, and have put forward the relevant measures from various angles, multi-level and integrated improvement of the peasants' quality. The countermeasure is to promote the peasants'quality and the urbanization construction The ultimate goal is that more and more people will pay attention to the quality of farmers, help farmers improve their overall quality, and get a higher sense of happiness, so as to participate more actively in the future of new urbanization.
【学位授予单位】：江苏大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F299.21;F323.6

【参考文献】