农村劳动力性别工资差距变化趋势分析

发布时间：2018-09-11 20:20

【摘要】：改革开放以来,我国国民的生活发生了天翻地覆的变化,居民收入增长迅速,人民的生活质量不断提高,整个社会都在为实现"中国梦"而努力着。但也存在着众多不和谐的因素,例如收入的差距在不断扩大,基尼系数曾一度到达警戒值。收入差距的扩大,是收入分配制度不完善的表现,是社会不公平的一种体现,是会造成社会不稳定的不定因素,而这也是与当今世界和平与发展的主题相违背的。众所周知,经济的发展是需要在一个安定、和谐的大环境下才能更好的进行,而解决收入差距问题对保持社会的稳定至关重要。在现实生活中,存在着诸多形式的收入差距问题,例如性别收入差距。近年来,随着我国经济的快速发展,已经有大量农村劳动力从农业中解放出来,他们投入到社会主义经济建设的各个方面,为我国综合国力的增强做出了巨大的贡献。在这一群体中就存在着较为严重的性别工资差距问题,农村劳动力作为劳动力市场中的弱势群体,关注他们的生存与发展具有重要的现实意义。本文以农村劳动力作为研究对象,研究了我国农村劳动力性别工资差距的变化趋势及其影响因素,具体包括以下几方面:(1)收集并总结国内外研究性别工资差距的文献,归纳出影响农村劳动力工资水平的因素;(2)对我国农村劳动力的基本特征和就业状况进行描述统计性分析,分别考察不同地区、不同所有制下以及不同年龄段的农村劳动力的性别工资差距;(3)采用OLS回归方法分析各因素对农村劳动力工资的影响,通过对性别因素估计系数的考察来分析性别工资差距的变化趋势,分别对男女不同性别组进行回归分析,考察组内影响因素的作用;(4)采用Neumark分解方法,对不同时期的性别工资差距进行分解,从均值差距的角度考察性别工资差距的原因;(5)根据前面的研究结论,提出旨在缩小性别工资差距的政策建议。本文的主要结论有:(1)我国农村劳动力中存在着较大的性别工资差距,并且该差距呈现出不断扩大的趋势。性别工资差距的程度在不同地区、不同所有制以及不同年龄段条件下是不一样的,东部和西部地区的性别工资差距呈现扩大的趋势,现阶段中部地区的性别工资差距要小于东部和西部,并且非国有制企业中的性别工资差距在不断恶化,在不同的年龄段,性别工资差距也不尽相同;(2)回归的结果表明受教育程度对农村劳动力的工资水平影响并不显著,但可以发现工作经验对农村劳动力的工资水平存在显著地影响,并且该影响程度在不断扩大,东部地区的工资水平要显著高于其他地区,所有制形式对男性工资水平的影响程度已渐渐消失,工作经验对女性工资水平的影响正逐步加强;(3)个体特征的差异对性别工资差距的可解释比例在不断提高,同时对女性的性别歧视仍然是引起性别工资差距的重要原因,但其影响程度已经呈现出明显的下降趋势。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, the life of Chinese people has changed dramatically, the income of the residents has increased rapidly, the quality of life of the people has been improved constantly, and the whole society is making great efforts to realize "Chinese Dream". But there are also a number of discordant factors, such as widening income disparities, where the Gini coefficient was at one point on the alert. The widening of income gap is the expression of imperfect income distribution system, the embodiment of social injustice, and the uncertain factor that will cause social instability, which is also contrary to the theme of peace and development in the world today. As we all know, the development of economy needs a stable and harmonious environment in order to better carry out, and to solve the income gap is essential to maintain social stability. In real life, there are many forms of income gap, such as gender income gap. In recent years, with the rapid development of China's economy, a large number of rural labor forces have been liberated from agriculture. They have invested in all aspects of socialist economic construction and made great contributions to the enhancement of China's comprehensive national strength. There is a serious gender wage gap in this group. As a weak group in the labor market, it is of great practical significance for rural labor force to pay attention to their survival and development. This paper takes the rural labor force as the research object, studies the change trend of the rural labor gender wage gap and its influencing factors, including the following aspects: (1) collecting and summarizing the domestic and foreign literature on the gender wage gap; The factors that affect the wage level of rural labor force are summarized. (2) the basic characteristics and employment status of rural labor force in China are analyzed statistically, and the different regions are investigated respectively. Under different ownership and different age groups of rural labor gender wage gap; (3) using OLS regression method to analyze the impact of various factors on rural labor wages, Through the investigation of the gender factor estimation coefficient to analyze the trend of the gender wage gap, and analyze the effect of the influencing factors in the male and female groups by regression analysis. (4) using the Neumark decomposition method, The gender wage gap in different periods is decomposed, and the reasons of the gender wage gap are investigated from the perspective of the mean wage gap. (5) according to the previous research conclusions, the policy recommendations aimed at narrowing the gender wage gap are put forward. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) there is a large gender wage gap in the rural labor force in China, and the gap is increasing. The extent of the gender wage gap is different in different regions, different ownership systems and different age groups. The gender wage gap in the eastern and western regions is showing a trend of expansion. At this stage, the gender wage gap in the central region is smaller than that in the east and west, and the gender wage gap in non-state owned enterprises is getting worse, at different ages. (2) the result of regression shows that the education level has no significant effect on the wage level of the rural labor force, but it can be found that the work experience has a significant impact on the wage level of the rural labor force. Moreover, the degree of influence is constantly expanding, the wage level in the eastern region is significantly higher than that in other regions, and the influence of ownership forms on the male wage level has gradually disappeared. The influence of work experience on women's wage level is gradually increasing; (3) the ratio of individual differences to the gender wage gap is increasing, while the gender discrimination against women is still an important cause of the gender wage gap. But its influence degree already showed the obvious downward trend.
【学位授予单位】：南京农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F323.6;C913.68

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