黔江区土地生态安全评价及调控研究
发布时间:2018-10-07 20:39
【摘要】:土地是人类生存和发展不可或缺的物质基础,随着人类对土地的不合理利用,土地生态安全问题愈演愈烈,土地生态安全已成为土地可持续利用的核心和基础,土地生态安全研究也成为当前土地可持续利用研究的前沿课题。黔江区位于重庆市东南部,处武陵山区腹地,辖区面积2392平方公里,其中山地占幅员总面积约95%,东部和北部与湖北省接壤,素有“渝鄂咽喉”之称。重庆市五大功能分区将黔江区定位为“渝东南生态保护发展区中的重点开发区,要求加快建成渝东南中心城市和武陵山区重要经济中心”。“生态保护”和“经济发展”已然成了黔江跑步前进的“两个驱动”,进一步凸显了生态文明建设的作用。本研究以重庆市黔江区为研究区域,在对其土地利用状况和土地生态环境状况进行分析的基础上,借鉴“PSR”概念框架模型和“自然-社会-经济”概念框架模型的优点,从生态负荷、生态保护、生态功能及生态经济四个方面,构建黔江区土地生态安全评价指标体系,从时间动态和空间差异两方面对黔江区土地生态安全进行评价,并在评价结果基础上,立足于维护土地可持续利用和生态安全的角度,从调控模式、土地利用结构优化、土地生态功能分区及土地生态调控措施等方面对黔江区进行土地生态调控。以期促进黔江区土地资源可持续利用,控制区域土地利用变化对生态安全的消极影响,促进黔江区生态文明建设。本研究的主要研究内容与结论如下:(1)本文从土地生态安全评价及调控概念解析、评价指标体系研究、评价方法研究、评价标准研究、土地利用结构优化、土地生态功能分区等方面进行了系统归纳,并对国内外研究进展进行了评述。同时梳理了人地关系理论、可持续发展理论、系统科学理论、控制论及生态安全理论,为本文的研究奠定理论基础。(2)剖析了黔江区土地生态安全面临的主要问题主要有水土流失、石漠化、土地污染及地质灾害易发。(3)借鉴“PSR”模型和“自然-经济-社会”模型的优点,从生态负荷、生态保护、生态功能及生态经济四个方面,构建黔江区土地生态安全评价指标体系,综合运用组合权重(熵权法与层次分析法相结合)和综合指数法从时、空两个维度对黔江区土地生态安全状况进行评价。结果表明:①2005-2012年间,黔江区土地生态安全水平呈上升趋势,土地生态安全综合指数由2005年的0.4269上升到2012年的0.5862,土地生态安全等级由“较不安全”上升到“临界安全”等级,表明土地生态安全水平还有待改善;②2012年黔江区30个乡镇的土地生态安全程度横跨较不安全、临界安全、较安全、安全四个等级,其中,小南海镇、濯水镇、阿蓬江镇、中塘乡、石会镇、沙坝乡、马喇镇的生态安全水平较高,处于安全等级;黄溪镇、白石乡、沙坝乡、金溪镇、石家镇等16个乡镇处于较安全等级;城东、城西、城南、舟白、正阳、冯家、水田乡、蓬东乡处于临界安全等级;邻鄂镇的生态安全水平较低,处于较不安全等级,全区土地生态安全度空间差异显著,呈现“区中心土地生态安全低,四周土地生态安全较高”的土地生态安全格局。(4)基于时间动态和空间差异的土地生态安全评价结果,本文从调控模式、土地利用结构优化、土地生态功能分区、调控措施等四方面对黔江区的生态问题进行生态调控,具体如下:在生态调控模式上,主要从生态制度体系、生态经济体系、生态文化体系、生态环境体系,构建四位一体总体调控模式,并基于城市地区、石漠化地区、矿区、农用地地区、自然保护区等构建典型区域生态调控模式;在土地利用结构调控上,基于灰色多目标线性规划法的运算结果可知,黔江区土地理由结构的优化调控需要在耕地保护的基础上,进一步优化农用地内部结构,提高园地和林地的比重:集约高效利用建设用地,适度增加城镇、交通水利及风景名胜用地,积极推进农村居民点复垦;合理开发自然保留地,提高土地利用效率,有效维护土地生态;在土地生态功能分区调控上,基于黔江区各乡镇土地生态安全评价结果将黔江区分为生态城镇调控区、生态旅游发展区、生态农业保护区。生态城镇调控区要重点协调建设用地扩张与土地生态保护之间的关系;生态旅游发展区则要重点保护旅游资源,坚持开发与保护并重;生态农业保护区要注重生态环境的保护,减少土地污染,坚持发展绿色农业,同时,治理矿区不合理开发引起的水土流失;在调控措施和策略上,黔江区土地生态安全调控措施主要包括:发展生态经济,拓展生态效益和加强生态保护,维护生态功能两个方面。
[Abstract]:Land is an indispensable material base for human survival and development. With the unreasonable utilization of land, the problem of land ecological security is becoming more and more serious, and the ecological security of land has become the core and foundation of sustainable utilization of land. The study of land ecological security has also become the frontier subject of the research on sustainable utilization of land. Qianjiang County is located in the south-east of Chongqing, the hinterland of Wuling Mountain area, with an area of 2392 square kilometers, of which the mountain accounts for about 95% of the total area, and the east and the north border with Hubei Province. "Yu-E Throat" It's called. The five functional divisions of Chongqing will be located in Guizhou Province. "Key Development Zones in the Ecological Protection and Development Zone in Southeast Chongqing, which are required to accelerate the completion of the important economic center in the Southeast Central City and Wuling Mountain Area". "Ecological Protection" and economic development It's already in Qianjiang's running. "Two drives" and further highlights the role of ecological civilization construction. Based on the analysis of the situation of land use and the ecological environment of the land, this study is based on the research area of Qianjiang County, Chongqing. 鈥淧SR鈥,
本文编号:2255596
[Abstract]:Land is an indispensable material base for human survival and development. With the unreasonable utilization of land, the problem of land ecological security is becoming more and more serious, and the ecological security of land has become the core and foundation of sustainable utilization of land. The study of land ecological security has also become the frontier subject of the research on sustainable utilization of land. Qianjiang County is located in the south-east of Chongqing, the hinterland of Wuling Mountain area, with an area of 2392 square kilometers, of which the mountain accounts for about 95% of the total area, and the east and the north border with Hubei Province. "Yu-E Throat" It's called. The five functional divisions of Chongqing will be located in Guizhou Province. "Key Development Zones in the Ecological Protection and Development Zone in Southeast Chongqing, which are required to accelerate the completion of the important economic center in the Southeast Central City and Wuling Mountain Area". "Ecological Protection" and economic development It's already in Qianjiang's running. "Two drives" and further highlights the role of ecological civilization construction. Based on the analysis of the situation of land use and the ecological environment of the land, this study is based on the research area of Qianjiang County, Chongqing. 鈥淧SR鈥,
本文编号:2255596
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