两汉会稽郡农业经济发展初探

发布时间：2018-10-08 15:04

【摘要】：会稽郡是两汉扬州刺史部下辖的一个郡,其辖境变化较大。汉初会稽郡的辖地大致是战国时的吴、越两国,相当于如今长江以南的江苏部分、安徽东南部、上海西部以及浙江北部。到西汉末,会稽郡领共下辖二十六县,其管辖区域大致相当于今苏、锡、常、镇四市,上海的西部,浙江省大部分地区,以及福建省中部沿海一带。东汉中期,分会稽郡为会稽郡和吴郡,会稽郡治所移到山阴县,下辖十五县。会稽郡地处长江下游的广大南方,气候适宜耕种,土壤相对肥沃,水流众多,为农业发展提供自然条件。东汉一朝农业的显著发展依赖于内外部条件的支撑,具体表现为:第一,先秦会稽郡农业发展经验的积累;第二,社会环境稳定,自然灾害和社会动乱较少,从而吸引大量人口南迁,农业劳动力增加;第三,国家重视会稽郡的治理问题,官吏出身较好,在任期间也能有所政绩;第四,会稽郡广泛使用牛耕,铁农具普遍使用;第五,两汉会稽郡在前朝的基础上不断拓展水陆交通,为对外经济、技术交流创造条件。在自然地理环境和社会因素的双重作用下,两汉会稽郡的农业经济在诸多方面取得成效。会稽郡农业生产部门齐全,种植业、畜牧业、渔业和林木业从先秦发展而来,至两汉皆有所发展。农业的发展主要体现在:粮食产量出现明显增加,成为可支援其他郡县的熟郡;随着水利设施的建设,会稽郡耕地面积扩大;随着农产品的富足,农产品加工并不断进入流通市场,农产品商品化进一步发展;人口出现显著增加,辖县数量的增加也表明人口的增长;人类聚落的不断开拓和增加,表明会稽郡农业散布的空间范围变大;到东汉,会稽郡境内的豪族势力明显增多,经济、政治实力强大。通过对比两汉农业的发展情况,发现会稽郡农业在东汉取得长足进步,对当地工商业和文化教育事业都作出贡献。当然,要正确认识会稽郡农业经济发展与先进地区的差距,会稽郡农业发展有诸多制约因素,如会稽郡农业发展起点低,虽然起步早,但因难以吸收先进技术而发展缓慢;内部存在“南慢北快”的不平衡现象现象;即使中央政府平定少数民族叛乱,但会稽郡仍受到逃入山林的山越的侵袭。正确看待两汉会稽郡农业经济发展,不仅可以还原当时的农业经济面貌,而且对于现今的农业发展有着借鉴作用。
[Abstract]:Huiji County is a county under the jurisdiction of the Department of thorn History of Yangzhou in the Han Dynasty, and its jurisdiction has changed greatly. In the early Han Dynasty, the jurisdiction of Huiji County was roughly Wu during the warring States period, and the two countries were equivalent to the parts of Jiangsu Province south of the Yangtze River, southeast Anhui, western Shanghai and northern Zhejiang. By the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Huiji County had a total jurisdiction of 26 counties, whose jurisdiction was roughly equivalent to the four cities of today's Su, Tin, Chang, Zhen, the western part of Shanghai, most of Zhejiang Province, and the central coastal area of Fujian Province. In the middle of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Huiji County was divided into Huiji County and Wu County, Huiji County was moved to Shanyin County, and 15 counties were under its jurisdiction. Huiji County is located in the south of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The climate is suitable for farming, the soil is relatively fertile and the water flow is numerous, which provides natural conditions for agricultural development. The remarkable development of agriculture in the Eastern Han Dynasty depended on the support of internal and external conditions, which was manifested in the following aspects: first, the accumulation of agricultural development experience in Huiji County of the Pre-Qin Dynasty; second, the social environment was stable, and there were fewer natural disasters and social disturbances. As a result, a large number of people moved to the south and the agricultural labor force increased; third, the state attached great importance to the governance of Huiji County, where officials came from better backgrounds and achieved some achievements during their term of office; fourth, Huiji County widely used cattle farming, and iron farming tools were widely used; and fifthly, On the basis of the previous dynasties, Huiji County of the Han Dynasty continued to expand land and water transportation to create conditions for foreign economic and technological exchanges. Under the dual action of the natural geographical environment and social factors, the agricultural economy of Huiji County in Han Dynasty has achieved many achievements in many aspects. Huiji County agricultural production departments, planting, animal husbandry, fisheries and forestry from the pre-Qin period, to both Han Dynasty has developed. The development of agriculture is mainly reflected in: the apparent increase in grain production as a mature county to support other counties; with the construction of water conservancy facilities, the area of cultivated land in Huiji County has expanded; and with the abundance of agricultural products, With the processing of agricultural products and their continuous entry into the circulation market, the commercialization of agricultural products has further developed; there has been a marked increase in the population, and the increase in the number of counties under the jurisdiction also indicates the growth of the population; and the continuous development and increase of human settlements, By the Eastern Han Dynasty, the power of the Huiji County was obviously increased, and the economic and political strength was strong. By comparing the development of agriculture in the Han Dynasty, it is found that Huiji County agriculture made great progress in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and made contributions to the local industry and commerce and cultural and educational undertakings. Of course, it is necessary to correctly understand the gap between the economic development of Huiji county and the advanced areas. There are many restrictive factors in the development of Huiji county agriculture, such as the low starting point of the development of Huiji county agriculture, although it starts early, but the development is slow because it is difficult to absorb advanced technology; There is an imbalance between the north and the south; even if the central government calms the minority insurgency, Huiji County is still being attacked by the mountains and the mountains that flee into the mountains and forests. Correctly looking at the development of agricultural economy in Huiji County of the Han Dynasty can not only restore the agricultural economy of that time, but also serve as a reference for the present agricultural development.
【学位授予单位】：江苏师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F329;K234

【相似文献】