2000-2010年非洲耕地时空变化及其环境背景分析
发布时间：2018-10-09 20:08
【摘要】：耕地是人类赖以生存和发展的最重要的资源之一,伴随着全球变化研究的兴起,区域土地利用变化是全球变化研究的热点之一,耕地变化作为土地利用变化的核心内容之一,也已经成为全球变化研究的重要组成部分。特别是进入21世纪以来,全球经济和人口高速增长,在巨大的发展压力面前,耕地的质量以及利用方式正经历着前所未有的变化。非洲是世界粮食安全的重要研究区之一,目前非洲的耕地变化研究主要集中在经济发达地区和生态脆弱地区,全非洲尺度的耕地变化研究尚未开展。已开展的非洲重点研究区的耕地变化研究主要是采用遥感与实地调查相结合的数量统计和空间分析,对耕地利用变化与环境背景之间的关系研究较少。采用的遥感信息源也以空间分辨率为250米及1000米的中低分辨率遥感影像为主。以非洲为研究区,采用空间分辨率为30米的遥感信息源,利用遥感和地理信息系统空间分析相结合的方法,运用土地利用变化率、单一土地利用动态度双向模型和土地利用相对变化率等数学模型定量的分析了耕地利用变化特征,揭示了非洲耕地的时空演变规律以及耕地利用变化与环境因子之间的关系,为研究区土地利用结构和农业布局调整、耕地可持续利用和生态环境保护提供决策依据,也为全球粮食安全研究提供了典型区域基础。主要研究内容包括：资料收集,建立包括气温、降水、高程、坡度、坡向、生态分区在内的环境背景数据库：下载覆盖非洲全区的遥感影像,解译遥感影像,建立2000年和2010年两期非洲耕地利用专题数据库；基于经纬度、区域、国家等不同视角对非洲耕地利用的数量和空间变化分析研究,揭示耕地在不同研究视角下的变化特征；基于不同视角下的耕地转移以及流向进行了分析研究；耕地变化与生态环境因子之间的关系研究,揭示耕地利用变化与环境因子之间的关系等。主要研究成果如下：(1)耕地分布特征：2000年和2010年耕地面积分别为2.00×106平方千米和2.23×106平方千米。在经纬向上面积集中出现在34°E和12°N附近；不同区域的耕地面积由大到小排序为东非、西非、北非、南非、中非；在国家视角看耕地主要集中在少数国家,耕地面积排名前十五的国家其耕地面积占非洲耕地总面积占75%左右。(2)耕地变化特征：2000-2010年非洲耕地面积增加了2.25×105平方千米。耕地面积增加在经度上主要集中在4°E到19°E和31°E到39°E之间；在纬度上集中在22°S到1°S以及9°N到14°N之间；在区域视角上新增耕地主要集中在东非和西非；在国家视角上新增耕地主要集中在尼日利亚、坦桑尼亚、苏丹、乍得、肯尼亚、莫桑比克、安哥拉等国。(3)耕地转移特征：非洲2000年减少的耕地去向主要转出为林地、草地,部分地区转化为灌丛地和裸地,2010年新增加的耕地主要来自林地、草地和灌丛地。各地理分区耕地转入转出特征与非洲全域转入转出特征大致相似,但也有自己的特点。(4)气温和降水对耕地的分布有显著影响,耕地主要集中分布在气温21-29℃之间、降水300-1200mm区间。坡度对耕地的分布具有绝对的影响,90%以上的耕地都分布在坡度0-2。之间,但耕地分布变化与坡向关系不大。生态分区综合地反映了区域生态环境状况,耕地主要分布在水热组合良好的热带和亚热带的草原和灌丛区。总之,论文首次采用空间分辨率为30米的高分辨率影像数据开展了全非洲耕地利用变化研究,并分析了全非洲耕地分布与生态环境因子之间的关系,为研究区耕地布局调整提供了科学依据,是全球粮食安全研究的重要组成部分。
[Abstract]:Cultivated land is one of the most important resources for the survival and development of mankind. Along with the rise of global change research, regional land use change is one of the hot spots of global change research, and the change of cultivated land is one of the core contents of land use change. It has also become an important component of global change research. Especially since the twenty-first century, the global economy and population have grown at a high rate, and before the great development pressure, the quality of cultivated land and the way of utilization are experiencing an unprecedented change. Africa is one of the most important research areas in world food security, and the study on cultivated land change in Africa is mainly concentrated in economically developed regions and ecologically fragile regions. The study of cultivated land change in key research areas in Africa is mainly based on the quantitative and spatial analysis of remote sensing and field survey, and the relationship between land utilization change and environmental background is relatively small. The spatial resolution is mainly based on the mid-low resolution remote sensing image with spatial resolution of 250m and 1000m. taking Africa as a research area, adopting a spatial resolution of 30 meters as a spatial information source, utilizing a method combining the spatial analysis of remote sensing and geographic information system, and applying the rate of change of land use, The characteristics of land utilization change are analyzed quantitatively by mathematical models such as a single land-use attitude two-way model and a land use relative change rate, and the spatial-temporal evolution rule of the cultivated land in Africa and the relationship between the change of the cultivated land utilization and the environmental factors are disclosed, In order to provide decision-making basis for the adjustment of land use structure and agricultural land use, sustainable utilization of cultivated land and ecological environment protection, it also provides a typical regional basis for global food security research. The main research contents include: data collection, setting up an environment background database including temperature, precipitation, elevation, slope, slope direction and ecological partition: downloading remote sensing images covering the whole area of Africa, interpreting remote sensing images, and establishing thematic databases for the utilization of arable land in Africa in 2000 and 2010; Based on the analysis of the quantitative and spatial variation of cultivated land utilization in Africa based on different perspectives, such as latitude and longitude, region and country, the change characteristics of cultivated land under different research perspectives were revealed; The relationship between change of cultivated land and environmental factors reveals the relationship between change of cultivated land and environmental factors. The main results are as follows: (1) Distribution of cultivated land: The cultivated land in 2000 and 2010 is 2. 00 to 106 square km and 2. 23 to 106 square kilometers, respectively. in that area of longitude and latitude, the area is concentrated in the vicinity of 34 掳 E and 12 掳 N; the arable land in different areas is ranked from large to small to east Africa, West Africa, North Africa, South Africa and Central Africa; in the national perspective, the cultivated land is mainly concentrated in a few countries, In the first 15 years of arable land, the arable land accounts for about 75% of the total cultivated land area in Africa. (2) Characteristics of cultivated land change: The cultivated land area of Africa increased by 2.25-105 square kilometers in 2000-2010. The increase in cultivated land area is mainly concentrated in longitude of 4 掳 E to 19 掳 E and 31 掳 E to 39 掳 E; in latitude, concentrated at 22 掳 S to 1 掳 S and 9 掳 N to 14 掳 N; new cultivated land at the regional perspective is mainly concentrated in East Africa and West Africa; At the national perspective, new arable land is mainly concentrated in Nigeria, Tanzania, Sudan, Chad, Kenya, Mozambique, Angola and other countries. (3) Cultivated land transfer characteristics: Africa's reduced cultivation of cultivated land in 2000 is mainly transformed into shrub land, grassland, and parts of the area. The newly increased cultivated land in 2010 mainly comes from forest land, grassland and shrub land. The transfer feature of the cultivated land in each geographical area is similar to that of Africa's global transfer, but also has its own characteristics. (4) The temperature and precipitation have a significant effect on the distribution of cultivated land, and the main concentration of cultivated land is between 21-29 鈩，
本文编号：2260622
[Abstract]:Cultivated land is one of the most important resources for the survival and development of mankind. Along with the rise of global change research, regional land use change is one of the hot spots of global change research, and the change of cultivated land is one of the core contents of land use change. It has also become an important component of global change research. Especially since the twenty-first century, the global economy and population have grown at a high rate, and before the great development pressure, the quality of cultivated land and the way of utilization are experiencing an unprecedented change. Africa is one of the most important research areas in world food security, and the study on cultivated land change in Africa is mainly concentrated in economically developed regions and ecologically fragile regions. The study of cultivated land change in key research areas in Africa is mainly based on the quantitative and spatial analysis of remote sensing and field survey, and the relationship between land utilization change and environmental background is relatively small. The spatial resolution is mainly based on the mid-low resolution remote sensing image with spatial resolution of 250m and 1000m. taking Africa as a research area, adopting a spatial resolution of 30 meters as a spatial information source, utilizing a method combining the spatial analysis of remote sensing and geographic information system, and applying the rate of change of land use, The characteristics of land utilization change are analyzed quantitatively by mathematical models such as a single land-use attitude two-way model and a land use relative change rate, and the spatial-temporal evolution rule of the cultivated land in Africa and the relationship between the change of the cultivated land utilization and the environmental factors are disclosed, In order to provide decision-making basis for the adjustment of land use structure and agricultural land use, sustainable utilization of cultivated land and ecological environment protection, it also provides a typical regional basis for global food security research. The main research contents include: data collection, setting up an environment background database including temperature, precipitation, elevation, slope, slope direction and ecological partition: downloading remote sensing images covering the whole area of Africa, interpreting remote sensing images, and establishing thematic databases for the utilization of arable land in Africa in 2000 and 2010; Based on the analysis of the quantitative and spatial variation of cultivated land utilization in Africa based on different perspectives, such as latitude and longitude, region and country, the change characteristics of cultivated land under different research perspectives were revealed; The relationship between change of cultivated land and environmental factors reveals the relationship between change of cultivated land and environmental factors. The main results are as follows: (1) Distribution of cultivated land: The cultivated land in 2000 and 2010 is 2. 00 to 106 square km and 2. 23 to 106 square kilometers, respectively. in that area of longitude and latitude, the area is concentrated in the vicinity of 34 掳 E and 12 掳 N; the arable land in different areas is ranked from large to small to east Africa, West Africa, North Africa, South Africa and Central Africa; in the national perspective, the cultivated land is mainly concentrated in a few countries, In the first 15 years of arable land, the arable land accounts for about 75% of the total cultivated land area in Africa. (2) Characteristics of cultivated land change: The cultivated land area of Africa increased by 2.25-105 square kilometers in 2000-2010. The increase in cultivated land area is mainly concentrated in longitude of 4 掳 E to 19 掳 E and 31 掳 E to 39 掳 E; in latitude, concentrated at 22 掳 S to 1 掳 S and 9 掳 N to 14 掳 N; new cultivated land at the regional perspective is mainly concentrated in East Africa and West Africa; At the national perspective, new arable land is mainly concentrated in Nigeria, Tanzania, Sudan, Chad, Kenya, Mozambique, Angola and other countries. (3) Cultivated land transfer characteristics: Africa's reduced cultivation of cultivated land in 2000 is mainly transformed into shrub land, grassland, and parts of the area. The newly increased cultivated land in 2010 mainly comes from forest land, grassland and shrub land. The transfer feature of the cultivated land in each geographical area is similar to that of Africa's global transfer, but also has its own characteristics. (4) The temperature and precipitation have a significant effect on the distribution of cultivated land, and the main concentration of cultivated land is between 21-29 鈩，
本文编号：2260622
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