基于碳排放的冷链物流系统研究

发布时间：2018-10-12 15:50

【摘要】：随着我国冷链物流需求的快速增长,冷链物流的快速发展所导致的环境问题也越来越受到社会的广泛关注。近年来,政府不断出台相关政策措施保障和推进我国来冷链物流健康和快速发展,同时也将冷链物流的“节能减排”列入到发展目标中去,以促进冷链物流的低碳绿色和可持续发展。本文主要围绕冷链物流碳排放问题展开了深入研究,以碳足迹为研究对象,实现对冷链物流活动中碳足迹的有效测算和管理,揭示冷链物流活动碳足迹的来源以及影响因素等;进一步分析在碳税交易制度下碳足迹对冷链物流系统的影响状况,为实现冷链物流活动的碳足迹管理提供参考和借鉴。本文研究的具体内容如下:首先,对国内外有关碳足迹的相关概念、研究方法等进行了梳理和综述,为构建冷链物流碳足迹的测算模型奠定了基础;进一步对低碳供应链的相关理论进行归纳总结,对考虑碳排放的冷链物流系统网络模型的构建提供了参考和依据。其次,构建了冷链物流碳足迹测算模型。综合冷链物流企业碳足迹的管理、冷藏物流链的特点,结合生命周期评估方法以及投入产出的分析方法,对冷链物流系统碳足迹的来源、计算边界以及计算方法等进行了说明,对于影响冷链物流碳排放的因素进行评价说明,建立起冷链物流系统碳足迹的概念模型和计算框架,为冷链物流系统碳足迹的有效测算提供了依据。再次,将碳足迹与冷链物流系统网络设计模型相结合,构建考虑碳排放的冷链物流系统网络模型。根据冷链物流的特点以及易腐产品的易腐性特征,对于冷链物流环节中易腐产品的易腐性特征从库存模型以及腐烂变质成本进行了说明,结合冷藏运输环节过程中碳排放的主要影响因素,构建了考虑碳排放的冷链物流系统模型,并根据基本假设的前提,建立其相关的约束条件,最后对多目标的求解处理方法以及不同阶段的系统模型求解方法进行了说明。最后,对冷链物流碳足迹的概念模型以及考虑碳排放的冷链物流系统模型进行了算例分析;结果显示,系统总成本最小为354.74万元,对应的系统碳排放总量为148.62吨;当冷链物流系统的碳排放量最小时,此时冷藏车的行驶速度为80km/h,对应的系统总成本则为145.21万元。通过敏感性分析可以发现,碳税价格会给冷链物流系统带来更多的额外成本;腐损率的提高会增加系统的总成本和导致更多的碳排放量。通过构建冷链物流碳排放概念模型对冷链物流活动中的碳足迹进行有效的测算,构建冷链系统仿真模型,并通过实证分析,促进冷链物流的可持续发展,实现环境效益和经济效益的最大化。在促进低碳经济、低碳冷链和促进冷链物流系统优化方面具有重要的意义。
[Abstract]:With the rapid growth of the demand for cold chain logistics in China, the environmental problems caused by the rapid development of cold chain logistics have been paid more and more attention by the society. In recent years, the government has continuously issued relevant policies and measures to ensure and promote the healthy and rapid development of cold chain logistics in China. At the same time, the "energy saving and emission reduction" of cold chain logistics has also been included in the development goals. In order to promote the cold chain logistics low carbon green and sustainable development. This paper mainly focuses on the carbon emissions of cold chain logistics, taking carbon footprint as the research object, realizes the effective measurement and management of carbon footprint in cold chain logistics activities, and reveals the source of carbon footprint of cold chain logistics activities and its influencing factors. The paper further analyzes the influence of carbon footprint on cold chain logistics system under the carbon tax trading system, and provides a reference for the realization of carbon footprint management of cold chain logistics activities. The specific contents of this paper are as follows: firstly, the related concepts and research methods of carbon footprint at home and abroad are combed and summarized, which lays a foundation for the calculation model of cold chain logistics carbon footprint; Furthermore, the related theories of low-carbon supply chain are summarized, which provides a reference and basis for the construction of cold-chain logistics system network model considering carbon emissions. Secondly, a cold chain logistics carbon footprint calculation model is constructed. Based on the management of carbon footprint of cold chain logistics enterprises, the characteristics of refrigerated logistics chain, combined with life cycle assessment method and input-output analysis method, the origin, calculation boundary and calculation method of carbon footprint of cold chain logistics system are explained. The factors affecting the carbon emissions of cold chain logistics are evaluated, and the conceptual model and calculation framework of carbon footprint of cold chain logistics system are established, which provides a basis for the effective calculation of carbon footprint of cold chain logistics system. Thirdly, combining the carbon footprint with the cold chain logistics system network design model, a cold chain logistics system network model considering carbon emissions is constructed. According to the characteristics of cold chain logistics and perishability of perishable products, the perishability characteristics of perishable products in cold chain logistics are explained from inventory model and decomposed cost. Combined with the main influencing factors of carbon emission in the process of refrigerated transportation, the model of cold-chain logistics system considering carbon emissions is constructed, and the relevant constraints are established according to the premise of basic assumptions. Finally, the multi-objective solving method and the system model solving method in different stages are explained. Finally, the conceptual model of cold chain logistics carbon footprint and the model of cold chain logistics system considering carbon emissions are analyzed. The results show that the total cost of the system is 3.5474 million yuan and the corresponding total carbon emission is 148.62 tons. When the carbon emission of the cold chain logistics system is the minimum, the speed of the refrigerated car is 80 km / h, and the total cost of the system is 1.4521 million yuan. Through sensitivity analysis, it can be found that the carbon tax price will bring more additional costs to the cold-chain logistics system, and the increase of the decay rate will increase the total cost of the system and lead to more carbon emissions. By constructing the concept model of carbon emission in cold chain logistics, the carbon footprint in cold chain logistics is measured effectively, and the simulation model of cold chain system is constructed, and through empirical analysis, the sustainable development of cold chain logistics is promoted. To maximize environmental and economic benefits. It has important significance in promoting low carbon economy, low carbon cold chain and optimizing cold chain logistics system.
【学位授予单位】：广州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X322;F326.6

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