陕西苹果贮藏、运输及销售包装调研

发布时间：2018-10-16 21:47

【摘要】：随着栽培面积的扩大,陕西苹果产业有了很大提升,但在采后流通过程中,仍然存在操作不规范,管理粗放等现象,尤其是对苹果包装没有得到足够重视,从而降低了陕西苹果的市场竞争力,甚至出现“优质低价”的不良现象。本文通过对白水、礼泉和洛川三个苹果主产区苹果采后贮藏、运输、销售过程中包装形式和特点调研,指出目前陕西苹果包装存在的问题,为进一步优化苹果包装,提升陕西苹果市场竞争力提供依据。调研结果如下:1、冷藏、气调贮藏苹果存在木箱、铁箱、纸箱、塑料箱包装形式,分别占贮藏量的30.1%、34.2%、12.8%、10.2%。简易贮藏主要以保鲜袋和大塑料袋包装为主,占贮藏量的7.8%和3.7%,不使用包装直接堆放院落的占1.2%。2、对不同包装形式果实品质定期测定发现:PVC保鲜膜包装贮藏效果好于PE保鲜膜;纸箱+PVC袋、发泡网贮藏效果优于纸箱+PVC袋、保鲜纸;在相同辅助包装条件下,塑料箱的贮藏效果好于木箱。3、陕西苹果流通调研发现,常温运输是主要形式,其中从果园到冷库多采用竹筐、塑料箱,运往二、三线城市及部分出口苹果主要用果袋和瓦楞纸箱包装,而运往一线大城市和出口的苹果包装主要采用瓦楞纸箱包装,低温冷链运输还没有广泛普及。4、销售市场调研发现:批发市场苹果包装以纸箱、礼品盒及塑料保鲜袋为主,其中礼品盒苹果价格相对较高;零售市场以塑料包装袋、礼品盒、果篮为主,一般家庭购买苹果通常以简易塑料袋包装为主,礼品盒和果篮常用作看望病人或作为节日礼品馈赠亲朋好友。5、通过对消费者调研发现:多数消费者要求包装应具有保护性且外形美观;目前苹果包装存在产地不详、产地与品牌不符、外形单调、缺少创意等缺陷;35.4%和33.8%的消费者希望在环保性和功能性方面改进包装设计。6、针对三个产区苹果包装形式和特点,指出陕西苹果包装存在的主要问题是:包装质量参差不齐,包装水平不高;品牌宣传效果不强;包装设计较为单一,且缺乏环保因素;市场监管力度不够。并且指出了下一步解决对策:注重经营意识,提高苹果包装水平;促进品牌宣传,提升包装质量;包装设计多元化,满足不同人群消费需求;加强监督力度,规范包装市场,鼓励使用环保型包装。
[Abstract]:With the expansion of cultivation area, Shaanxi apple industry has been greatly promoted, but in the process of post-harvest circulation, there are still some phenomena, such as non-standard operation and extensive management, especially the lack of attention to apple packaging. Thus reducing the market competitiveness of Shaanxi apple, even the "high-quality low-price" bad phenomenon. Based on the investigation of the packaging forms and characteristics in the storage, transportation and sale of apples in the three main apple production areas of Baishui, Liquan and Luochuan, this paper points out the problems existing in the packaging of apples in Shaanxi Province at present, in order to further optimize the packaging of apples. To improve the market competitiveness of Shaanxi apple to provide the basis. The results are as follows: 1. The apples stored in cold storage and controlled atmosphere storage are packed in wooden, iron, carton and plastic boxes, which account for 30.1% of the stored amount and 12.8% and 10.2% respectively. The simple storage mainly consisted of preservative bag and large plastic bag packaging, which accounted for 7.8% and 3.7% of the storage amount, and 1.2.2. the fruit quality of different packaging forms was measured regularly by PVC film packaging, and the storage effect of PVC film was better than that of PE film. The storage effect of carton PVC bag, foaming net is better than that of carton PVC bag and fresh keeping paper. Under the same auxiliary packing condition, the storage effect of plastic box is better than that of wooden box. 3. According to the investigation on the circulation of Shaanxi apple, it is found that normal temperature transportation is the main form. Among them, bamboo baskets, plastic boxes and export apples are mainly packed in fruit bags and corrugated paper boxes for export from orchards to cold storage, and are mainly packed in corrugated boxes for apples destined for first-tier cities and for export. Low temperature cold chain transportation has not been widely used. 4, sales market research found that: the wholesale market Apple packaging mainly in cartons, gift boxes and plastic bags, the price of apple gift boxes is relatively high; the retail market to plastic packaging bags, gift boxes, Fruit baskets are the main ones, and the average family buys apples in simple plastic bags. Gift boxes and fruit baskets are often used to visit patients or to give gifts to relatives and friends as holiday gifts. Through a survey of consumers, it is found that most consumers require that the packaging should be protective and beautiful in appearance. At present, the origin of apple packaging is unknown. 35.4% and 33.8% of consumers want to improve packaging design in terms of environmental protection and functionality. It is pointed out that the main problems of apple packaging in Shaanxi are: the packaging quality is not uniform, the packaging level is not high, the effect of brand propaganda is not strong, the packaging design is relatively single, and the lack of environmental protection factors, and the market supervision is not enough. And pointed out the next step to solve the countermeasures: pay attention to business awareness, improve the level of Apple packaging; promote brand publicity, improve packaging quality; packaging design diversity to meet the consumer needs of different populations; strengthen supervision, standardize the packaging market, Encourage the use of environmentally friendly packaging.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F326.6;S661.1

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