高速公路节约集约用地研究

发布时间：2018-10-20 11:09

【摘要】：土地是一切人类赖以生存和发展的物质基础,是不可再生资源,也是社会经济发展的必要前提,然而,随着经济的发展、人口的增加、工业化和城镇化的日益加快,人类对土地资源的需求也与日俱增,人地矛盾也日益加剧,尤其是大量耕地资源被建设占用,使得全国耕地保有量18亿亩的目标保持难度非常大。交通是国民经济的大动脉,是国民经济建设的基础之一,近年来伴随我国经济的持续高速发展,公路建设也取得了长足的进步,尤其是高速公路发展更是能用“空前”两字形容。高速公路安全快捷、能快速带动沿线社会经济的发展,但高速公路建设里程长、面积大、占用耕地等土地资源多,其中含有大量的优质耕地,使高速公路占地与土地资源稀缺的矛盾,尤其是与高质量农田保护之间的矛盾日益突出。目前在高速公路项目可行性研究阶段,进行选线和路线方案研究时,多着重考虑通行能力、经济效益、地形地质、行车安全等因素,对于节约集约用地方面的研究并不深入。通过开展高速公路节约集约用地理论和评价方法的研究,在高速公路可行性研究阶段,建立具有实用价值的评价体系,对高速公路项目多条比选方案的节约集约用地情况进行评价和预测,能够为高速公路节约集约用地评价预测工作的开展提供新的思路与方法。本文在分析和总结目前国内外学者对高速公路建设用地节约集约利用的研究成果基础上,对高速公路节约集约用地的概念、内涵进行界定,并以经济供给理论、土地稀缺理论、土地报酬递减理论和土地集约利用理论为基础,建立高速公路节约集约用地评价指标体系。运用文献研究法和特尔斐法结合指标的可获取性对高速公路节约集约用地评价指标进行选取,采用层次分析法和变异系数法确定指标权重,通过极值标准化法对数据进行标准化处理,加权求和测算各方案用地节约集约度;最后以榆商线绥德至延川高速公路为案例,进行实证研究,对该建设项目可行性研究阶段的多条走廊路线比选方案节约集约用地水平进行评价和分析;最后,提出提高高速公路节约集约用地水平的建议。
[Abstract]:Land is the material basis for the survival and development of all human beings. It is a non-renewable resource and a necessary prerequisite for social and economic development. However, with the development of economy and the increase of population, industrialization and urbanization are accelerating day by day. The human demand for land resources is increasing day by day, and the contradiction between man and land is becoming more and more serious, especially a large number of cultivated land resources are occupied by construction, which makes it very difficult to maintain the goal of 1.8 billion mu of cultivated land in the whole country. Traffic is the artery of the national economy and one of the foundations of the national economic construction. In recent years, with the sustained and rapid economic development of our country, highway construction has also made considerable progress. In particular, highway development can be described with the word "unprecedented". Expressway is safe and fast, it can quickly drive the development of social economy along the highway, but the highway construction mileage is long, the area is large, and the land resources such as cultivated land are occupied, which contains a large amount of high-quality cultivated land. The contradiction between the expressway land occupation and the scarcity of land resources, especially the protection of high quality farmland, is becoming more and more prominent. At present, in the feasibility study stage of expressway project, the research on route selection and route scheme is focused on the factors of capacity, economic benefit, topography and geology, driving safety and so on, but the research on saving intensive land is not thorough. Through the research on the theory and evaluation method of freeway saving and intensive land use, the evaluation system with practical value is established in the stage of highway feasibility study. To evaluate and predict the situation of saving intensive land for expressway projects, it can provide new ideas and methods for the evaluation and prediction of expressway conservation and intensive land use. On the basis of analyzing and summing up the current research results of intensive utilization of expressway construction land, this paper defines the concept and connotation of expressway conservation and intensive land use, and uses the theory of economic supply and the theory of land scarcity. Based on the theory of decreasing land return and the theory of intensive use of land, the evaluation index system of saving and intensive land use for expressway is established. By using the method of literature research and Delphi method combined with the availability of indicators, the evaluation index of saving intensive land for freeway is selected, and the weight of index is determined by AHP and coefficient of variation method. Through the method of extreme value standardization to standardize the data, weighted summation to calculate the intensity of land saving. Finally, taking Suide to Yanchuan Expressway of Yu-Shang Line as a case, the empirical study is carried out. This paper evaluates and analyzes the level of saving intensive land for several corridor routes in the feasibility study stage of the construction project, and finally, puts forward some suggestions for improving the level of saving intensive land for expressway.
【学位授予单位】：长安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F301.2

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