粮食安全科技支撑体系研究

发布时间：2018-11-03 10:10

【摘要】：古话说:“民以食为天,食以安为先”。粮食安全是人类生存的根本保证和关键所在,在某种程度上关系着国家的稳定和社会的发展。而如今,粮食安全面临重大挑战,人口增长、经济社会进步、资源不足、生态环境恶化和气候变暖等都制约着粮食安全的发展。粮食安全是国家安全的重要组成部分,科技在粮食安全保障当中起着重要的支撑作用。本文运用比较研究、系统分析等方法从粮食安全科技创新体系、科技推广体系和科技服务体系三个方面论述了科技支撑体系对粮食安全的影响。通过分析我国粮食安全科技支撑体系的现状和国外的先进经验,给出保障粮食安全的科技支撑体系的几点建议。本文内容由八个部分构成。第一部分是绪论。介绍了粮食安全的现状和因为多种原因导致的粮食安全危机。第二部分是文献综述。总结分析了国内、国外对粮食安全和科技支撑体系的研究成果。第三部分是相关理论基础。第四部分是粮食安全科技支撑体系建设现状。现在我国粮食安全科技创新体系虽不及国外某些发达国家,但也在自主创新,科研单位、农业企业和政府的紧密联系,促进了科技创新体系的发展。近年,国家重视科技推广体系,推出了不少好政策,加大了推广工作的力度。科技服务体系作为创新体系和推广体系的基础,也取得了长足发展,公共服务机构和示范基地相继建成,针对提高农民科学素质的培训也得到了一致好评。第五部分是粮食安全科技支撑体系存在的问题。我国作为发展中国家,科技支撑体系在发展的过程中也表现出了许多问题。比如科技创新力度不够导致的成果转化少,政策体制不完善;推广政策不规范,技术人员不达标;基础设施未跟上,农民的科技文化素质亟需提高等。第六部分是国外粮食安全科技支撑体系的经验。国外的粮食安全科技支撑体系有很多成功经验,值得我们学习。美国、法国等国家在粮食安全科技支撑体系方面投入巨大,同时出台了一系列的政策、法律来支持科技创新;就推广体系而言,美国有独特的“三位一体”推广政策,让高校教授承担起推广的责任;服务体系也十分完善,机械化水平高、交通水利设施齐全,对农民素质有一定要求。第七部分是完善粮食安全科技支撑体系的对策。根据我国粮食安全科技支撑体系的现状、国外的经验和我国存在的一些不足,本文提出了一些应对建议:加大政府投入和政策支持,建立健全推广政策,完善粮食安全基础设施,提高农民科学素养。第八部分是结语。对整篇论文进行总结。本文的创新点为:一是研究视角新。以粮食安全的科技支撑体系为研究视角,研究视角有一定创新。二是研究方法有所创新。运用比较研究方法,横向比较中外粮食安全科技支撑体系,研究方法有一定创新。
[Abstract]:As the old saying goes, "the people take food as the day, and food takes peace as the first." Food security is the fundamental guarantee and key to human survival, which to some extent relates to the stability of the country and the development of society. Nowadays, food security is faced with major challenges, such as population growth, economic and social progress, lack of resources, deterioration of ecological environment and climate warming, all of which restrict the development of food security. Food security is an important part of national security, science and technology plays an important supporting role in food security. By means of comparative study and systematic analysis, this paper discusses the influence of science and technology support system on food security from three aspects: science and technology innovation system, science and technology extension system and science and technology service system. Based on the analysis of the current situation of the scientific and technological support system for food security in China and the advanced experience of foreign countries, some suggestions on the scientific and technological support system for ensuring the food security are put forward. This paper consists of eight parts. The first part is the introduction. The present situation of food security and the food security crisis caused by various reasons are introduced. The second part is the literature review. Summarized and analyzed the domestic and foreign food security and science and technology support system research results. The third part is the theoretical basis. The fourth part is the current situation of the construction of scientific and technological support system for food security. Although the scientific and technological innovation system of food security in our country is not as good as that of some developed countries abroad, it also promotes the development of science and technology innovation system by the close connection of independent innovation, scientific research units, agricultural enterprises and government. In recent years, the state attaches importance to the science and technology promotion system, has introduced many good policies, has increased the promotion work dynamics. As the foundation of innovation system and extension system, science and technology service system has also made great progress, public service institutions and demonstration bases have been built one after another, and the training for improving farmers' scientific quality has been well received. The fifth part is the problems existing in the scientific and technological support system of food security. As a developing country, China's science and technology support system also shows a lot of problems in the process of development. For example, insufficient scientific and technological innovation results in less transformation and imperfect policy system; the popularization policy is not standardized, the technical personnel is not up to standard, the infrastructure is not up to date, and the farmers' scientific and technological and cultural quality needs to be improved urgently. The sixth part is the experience of foreign food security science and technology support system. Foreign food security science and technology support system has a lot of successful experience, we should learn. The United States, France and other countries in the food security science and technology support system investment huge, at the same time issued a series of policies, laws to support scientific and technological innovation; As far as the extension system is concerned, the United States has a unique "trinity" promotion policy, which allows university professors to assume the responsibility of popularization. The service system is also very perfect, the level of mechanization is high, the transportation and water conservancy facilities are complete, and the quality of farmers is required to a certain extent. The seventh part is the countermeasure of perfecting the science and technology supporting system of food security. According to the current situation of science and technology supporting system of food security in our country, the experience of foreign countries and some shortcomings of our country, this paper puts forward some suggestions: increase government input and policy support, establish and perfect popularizing policy, We will improve the infrastructure for grain security and improve farmers' scientific literacy. The eighth part is the conclusion. Summarize the whole paper. The innovation of this paper is as follows: first, the research perspective is new. With the scientific and technological support system of food security as the research perspective, the research perspective has certain innovation. Second, research methods are innovative. By using comparative research method, the scientific and technological support system of grain security between China and foreign countries is compared horizontally, and the research method is innovated to a certain extent.
【学位授予单位】：武汉轻工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F326.11

【相似文献】