土地流转背景下农业社会化服务体系的重构与小农的困境

发布时间：2018-11-04 11:55

【摘要】：土地流转的大规模推进造成了大规模经营的大户扩张和家庭经营的小农户萎缩,这种分化反映在农业社会化服务方面就是需求和供给结构的双重分化,其最终结果是农业社会化服务体系以大户为中心的重构。重构的过程有三个重要特征,而这些特征产生了对小农社会化服务体系以至小农生产的存续危机。一是在这个过程中市场力量的扩张和崛起;二是这个过程是由耕地的规模经营效应和服务的规模经营效应共同构成的对小农的强制过程;三是这种强制效应最终会产生小农的"崩塌效应"以及农业社会化服务体系发展的路径依赖效果,从而使体系重构具有不可逆性。由此在构建新型农业社会化服务体系过程中,我们需要更多扶持支持小农的社会化服务体系建设,以平衡这种力量结构的失衡,而方法就是通过组织化使小农的社会化服务需求和供给也实现规模化,以自身的规模化来克服大户规模化效应的强制。
[Abstract]:The large-scale promotion of land circulation resulted in the expansion of large households in large-scale operations and the shrinking of small peasant households in household management, which was reflected in the dual differentiation of the structure of demand and supply in the aspect of socialized agricultural services. The final result is the reconstruction of agricultural socialized service system centered on large households. There are three important characteristics in the process of reconstruction, and these characteristics produce a crisis to the social service system of small farmers and even to the production of small farmers. One is the expansion and rise of market forces in this process, the other is the compulsory process of small-scale farmers which is composed of the scale management effect of cultivated land and the scale management effect of service. Third, this kind of compulsory effect will eventually produce the "collapse effect" of small farmers and the path dependence effect of the development of agricultural socialized service system, thus making the system reconstruction irreversibly. As a result, in the process of building a new socialized service system for agriculture, we need more support for the construction of a socialized service system for small farmers to balance the imbalance of this power structure. The method is to make the social service demand and supply of small farmers realize the scale through the organization, and overcome the compulsion of the large-scale effect by its own scale.
【作者单位】：华中农业大学社会学系/农村社会建设与管理研究中心;
【基金】：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“农业现代化进程中新型农业经营主体的嵌入性发展研究”(16YJC840020) 中央高校基本科研业务费专项基金“农村社会工作理论与实务研究团队”(2662015PY124)
【分类号】：F321.1;F323

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