和墨洛绿洲乡村聚落空间格局及演变研究

发布时间：2018-11-22 11:42

【摘要】：城镇化进程中,乡村聚落空间演变加剧,乡村聚落整理、重构势在必行。干旱区流域尺度下聚落发展演变具有独立和完整的规律性特征,在绿洲城镇化进程中不断呈现新的特点。本文以新疆和墨洛绿洲为例,采用核密度估计、最邻近指数分析、缓冲区分析等GIS空间分析方法,对和墨洛绿洲乡村聚落的空间演变特征、现状特征与影响因素开展了探索分析。研究得出的主要结论有:(1)和墨洛绿洲乡村聚落空间格局表现出由中心向外围不断扩展趋势,具有明显的区域差异。2000年以前,以喀拉喀什镇为中心“单核”增长强化;2000—2010年,以喀拉喀什镇为核心区域聚落密度逐渐减小,以巴格其镇、肖尔巴格乡为核心区域密度逐渐增大;2010—2014年,“双核”聚落密度同时不断增大,聚落高密度分布范围自中心向外围明显扩大。(2)和墨洛绿洲乡村聚落空间分布高度集中。大多县域范围以及河流沿岸乡村聚落均表现为集聚分布模式,而以和田市为代表的绿洲内部腹地乡村聚落表现出一定的随机分布模式。(3)和墨洛绿洲乡村聚落空间形态表现出散漫村与集聚村两种形式。大多数聚落以集聚村形式分布于绿洲核心区域,沿河、沿路带状分布。依据聚落位置及密度、形态差异,划分为低山河谷带低密度条带状、沙漠腹地沿河低密度条带状、绿洲内部沿渠高密度条带状、绿洲内部沿路高密度条带状分布模式。(4)和墨洛绿洲乡村聚落表现出明显的空间分异规律。绿洲西部聚落密度明显高于东部,自西向东聚落规模逐渐变小;自绿洲中心向外围聚落密度逐渐下降,表现出一定的中心地分布特征;绿洲不同位置聚落密度表现出明显的区域差异。(5)和墨洛绿洲乡村聚落空间格局的形成受到绿洲自然地理条件、经济发展因素与社会文化因素的共同制约。自然地理环境是乡村聚落空间分布格局形成的环境基础与主导因素,其中水资源是制约乡村聚落空间布局最根本的因素。国道与县乡公路空间布局对聚落空间格局影响较大,是乡村聚落空间格局形成与发展的外部因素。绿洲农耕文化传统与传统的婚姻、生育观念对聚落空间格局影响较大,是乡村聚落空间格局形成与演变的内部动因。(6)针对乡村聚落空间格局现状特征及主要演变规律,从产业发展、城镇建设和村镇管理方面提出了优化聚落空间格局的对策建议。积极引导产业转型,发展高效农业,强化二三产业;加强小城镇建设,促进就地城镇化;加强村镇规划,提高土地资源、水资源开发管理利用水平,促进聚落人地关系和谐发展。
[Abstract]:In the process of urbanization, the spatial evolution of rural settlements intensifies, so it is imperative to organize and reconstruct rural settlements. The evolution of settlement in arid area is characterized by independent and complete regularity, and it has new characteristics in the process of oasis urbanization. Taking Xinjiang and Muruo oasis as examples, this paper uses GIS spatial analysis methods such as nuclear density estimation, nearest neighbor index analysis and buffer zone analysis to analyze the spatial evolution characteristics of rural settlements in Heluo Oasis. The characteristics of the present situation and the influencing factors are explored and analyzed. The main conclusions of the study are as follows: (1) the spatial pattern of rural settlements in Muruo Oasis shows a trend of continuous expansion from the center to the periphery, with obvious regional differences. Before 2000, the "single core" growth of Karakash Town was strengthened; From 2000 to 2010, the density of settlements in Karakash town as the core area decreased gradually, and gradually increased in Bagchi Town and Shauerbuge Township as the core area. From 2010 to 2014, the density of "binuclear" settlements increased, and the distribution range of high density of settlements increased obviously from the center to the periphery. (2) the spatial distribution of rural settlements in Muruo Oasis was highly concentrated. Most of the counties and rural settlements along the river coast all show the pattern of agglomeration and distribution. However, the rural settlements in the interior of the oasis, represented by Hotan City, showed a certain random distribution pattern. (3) the spatial form of rural settlements in Muruo Oasis showed two forms: scattered village and agglomeration village. Most of the settlements are distributed in the core of oasis in the form of agglomeration villages, along the river and along the road. According to the settlement location and density and morphological difference, it is divided into low density strip in low mountain valley zone, low density strip in desert hinterland along river, and high density strip in oasis along canal. The distribution pattern of high density strip along the oasis. (4) the rural settlements of Muruo oasis show obvious spatial differentiation law. The settlement density in the west of the oasis is obviously higher than that in the east, and the settlement scale becomes smaller from the west to the east, and the settlement density decreases gradually from the center of the oasis to the periphery, showing a certain central distribution characteristic. (5) the formation of rural settlement spatial pattern in Muruo oasis is restricted by the natural geographical conditions of oasis, economic development factors and social and cultural factors. The natural geographical environment is the environmental basis and leading factor for the formation of the spatial distribution pattern of rural settlements, among which water resources are the most fundamental factors restricting the spatial distribution of rural settlements. The spatial layout of national highway and county highway has a great influence on the settlement spatial pattern, which is the external factor for the formation and development of the rural settlement spatial pattern. The traditional and traditional marriage of farming culture in oasis, the conception of fertility has a great influence on the spatial pattern of settlement, which is the internal cause of the formation and evolution of the spatial pattern of rural settlement. (6) aiming at the characteristics of the present situation and the main law of evolution of the spatial pattern of rural settlement. From the aspects of industrial development, urban construction and village and town management, the countermeasures and suggestions for optimizing the spatial pattern of settlement are put forward. Actively guide the industrial transformation, develop high-efficiency agriculture, strengthen the secondary and tertiary industries, strengthen the construction of small towns, promote local urbanization; Strengthen the planning of villages and towns, improve the level of land resources, water resources development, management and utilization, and promote the harmonious development of the relationship between people and land.
【学位授予单位】：新疆师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F327

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