粮食援助还是余粮处理——WTO框架下的争端及启示

发布时间：2018-11-27 08:00

【摘要】：粮食援助是WTO农业出口竞争领域的重要议题,多哈回合谈判试图制定有约束力的规则防止粮食援助(以下简称粮援)沦为余粮处理工具。本文总结了粮援议题发展的阶段性特征及影响因素,分析了第十届部长会议达成的《出口竞争协议》中粮援条款的有效性并就谈判走向做出判断。研究发现,谈判放弃了2008年"模式草案"基于规则的粮援治理框架,《出口竞争协议》粮援条款延续了《农业协定》不具约束力的属性,无法防止成员透过粮援处理余粮。这既是美国强势维护自身粮援实践的结果,也有粮援供需环境转变的因素。对中国来说,《出口竞争协议》为借助粮援推进粮食"去库存"和加快供给侧改革留下了充足的空间,应尽快构建契合WTO规范的粮援机制,并在下一轮谈判中争取宽松的粮援纪律得以维系。
[Abstract]:Food aid is an important issue in the field of WTO agricultural export competition. The Doha Round negotiations attempt to formulate binding rules to prevent food aid (hereinafter referred to as grain aid) from becoming a tool for handling surplus grain. This paper summarizes the stage characteristics and influencing factors of the development of grain aid issues, analyzes the effectiveness of the provisions on grain aid in the "Export Competition Agreement" reached by the 10th Ministerial Conference, and makes a judgment on the trend of the negotiations. The study found that the negotiations abandoned the rules-based framework of grain aid governance in the 2008 draft Model, and the provisions of the Export Competition Agreement continued the non-binding nature of the Agreement on Agriculture and could not prevent members from handling surplus grain through food aid. This is not only the result of America's strong maintenance of its own food aid practice, but also the factor of the changing environment of grain aid supply and demand. For China, the Export Competition Agreement leaves ample space for promoting grain "destocking" and speeding up supply-side reform with the aid of grain aid, and a grain aid mechanism that conforms to the WTO standard should be constructed as soon as possible. And in the next round of negotiations for easy grain aid discipline to maintain.
【作者单位】：中国农业大学经济管理学院;
【基金】：农业部国际交流与合作项目(编号:2013-86) 国家科技重大专项课题(编号:2012ZX08011003-02)
【分类号】：F316.11

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