地方政府在推进农业现代化中的职能研究

发布时间：2019-01-03 11:46

【摘要】：长期以来,农业为人们提供基本生活资料,为工业提供原料,为其他部门提供劳动力和市场,农业是对国民经济和社会发展具有承载作用的产业。农业的基础地位和作用决定了发展国民经济的首要任务是解决农业问题,农业问题一直受到我国政府的高度重视,通过中央政府制定政策、提供物质保障支持农业发展,地方政府给予积极的配合和落实,我国农业发展取得了巨大成就。但是,我国农村仍然存在农民人口多、生产率低和农民生活水平有待提高等“顽疾”。近年来随着农业国际竞争压力的增大,以及城乡一体化的推进,农业又面临着结构性矛盾突出、供求关系变化和缺乏优质、绿色的农产品等新问题,解决农业问题的必经之路就是实现农业现代化。农业的天然弱质性决定了政府扶持农业生产的必要性,政府的适当扶持能促进农业现代化发展。我国农业存在的问题反映出了地方政府在农业管理理念和管理水平方面还很落后,地方政府存在职能范围过宽、管理方式行政化和层级、部门关系模糊等问题,这些职能问题不利于实现农业现代化。国内外学者对政府职能都做了充分的理论研究,而如何把这些理论切实的运用到实现农业现代化中,成了地方政府职能转变的关键。随着“十三五”规划的实施,农业供给侧结构性改革成为农业改革的重点,经过多年的发展,我国农业已形成良好的生产基础,中央和各级地方政府在推动农业发展方面也积累了一定经验,这为我国今后实现农业现代化提供了基础性保障。在此情形下,如何实现政府在推进农业现代化发展方面的职能转变成为重要的研究课题,因此本文运用文献研究法,通过搜集、鉴别、整理文献,形成了对地方政府职能和农业现代化的科学认识,并整理归纳了我国农业发展的成绩和制约因素以及政府推进农业现代化发展的成绩和问题,分析了地方政府在推进农业现代化效果不佳的原因;运用比较研究法,通过对比国外政府实现农业现代化发展的不同途径,总结出值得我国借鉴的经验;在规范分析法中,建立了地方政府应该是服务型政府的价值判断,明确了我国地方政府在管理农业农村中应当发挥积极推动作用的职能,最终形成了我国地方政府推进农业现代化中的思路转变原则。在此基础上,本文提出地方政府应通过重构农业农村全面发展政策体系,为农业现代化投入足够资源要素,推动农业市场化、组织化和质量标准化,打造新型农村社会管理、推进农民市民化、加快农业科学技术创新和利用等措施推动农业现代化。
[Abstract]:For a long time, agriculture has provided people with basic means of livelihood, raw materials for industry, labor force and market for other departments. Agriculture is an industry with bearing effect on national economy and social development. The basic position and role of agriculture determine that the primary task of developing the national economy is to solve the agricultural problems. The agricultural problems have always been attached great importance by the Chinese government. Through the central government to formulate policies to provide material security to support the development of agriculture. The local government gives the positive cooperation and the implementation, our country agriculture development has obtained the huge achievement. However, there are still many problems in rural areas, such as large population, low productivity and the improvement of farmers' living standards. In recent years, with the increasing pressure of international competition in agriculture and the promotion of urban-rural integration, agriculture is faced with new problems such as prominent structural contradictions, changes in supply and demand, lack of quality and green agricultural products, etc. The only way to solve agricultural problems is to realize agricultural modernization. The natural weakness of agriculture determines the necessity of government support for agricultural production, and the appropriate government support can promote the development of agricultural modernization. The problems existing in agriculture in our country reflect that the local governments are still lagging behind in the concept and level of agricultural management. The local governments have such problems as the scope of their functions is too wide, the administrative mode of management is administrative and hierarchical, and the relationship between departments is vague, and so on. These functions are not conducive to agricultural modernization. Scholars at home and abroad have made a full theoretical study of government functions, and how to effectively apply these theories to the realization of agricultural modernization has become the key to the transformation of local government functions. With the implementation of the 13th Five-Year Plan, agricultural supply-side structural reform has become the focus of agricultural reform. After years of development, China's agriculture has formed a good basis for production. The central government and local governments at all levels have also accumulated some experience in promoting agricultural development, which provides a basic guarantee for the realization of agricultural modernization in China in the future. In this case, how to realize the function of the government in promoting the development of agricultural modernization has become an important research topic. It forms a scientific understanding of the functions of local governments and agricultural modernization, and summarizes the achievements and constraints of agricultural development in China, as well as the achievements and problems of the government in promoting the development of agricultural modernization. The reason why the local government is not effective in promoting agricultural modernization is analyzed. By comparing the different ways for foreign governments to realize the development of agricultural modernization, the author sums up the experience that our country can use for reference by using the method of comparative research. In the normative analysis method, the value judgment that the local government should be a service-oriented government is established, and the function that the local government should play an active role in promoting the management of the agricultural countryside is clarified. Finally, the local government in China to promote the transformation of thinking principles in agricultural modernization. On this basis, this paper puts forward that the local government should put enough resources into agricultural modernization, promote agricultural marketization, organization and quality standardization, and create a new type of rural social management by reconstructing the policy system of agricultural rural comprehensive development. Promote farmer citizen, accelerate agricultural science and technology innovation and utilization and other measures to promote agricultural modernization.
【学位授予单位】：吉林财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F323;D422.6

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