中央储备粮常德直属库库存优化研究

发布时间：2019-01-10 13:18

【摘要】：粮食储备是我国战略安全极其重要的组成部分,一方面是保障国家粮食安全的头等大事,是国家宏观调控能力的重要物质基础,是推动经济发展和保持社会稳定的必要条件。另一方面粮食储备占用了大量的人力、物力和财力,需要对库存系统进行最优控制,从而降低成本、减少资金占用量,提高效率和资源利用率,在储备保障能力不下降的前提下能以最优的成本支出来解决储备粮库存问题。从实际运行情况来看,国家粮食安全仍面临严峻的挑战,还存在许多问题。在宏观方面,存在国家储备规模过大、布局不合理、品种结构不理想、储备体系不完备、储存费用补贴不足等弊端,在微观层面,库存轮换方式单一、轮换成本过高、缺少储备粮信息管理系统、内部管理存在薄弱环节,使得我国的粮食储备并没有达到理想的效果。面对粮食安全的新形势,如何既能确保国家粮食安全,发挥其应有的宏观调控作用,有效调控粮食市场和价格,又能优化我国粮食储备体系,以最优的成本支出来储备粮食是急需解决的关键问题。因此,以中央储备粮常德直属库为例,对其库存现状进行分析,结合储备库存物资的特性,分别建立符合其特征的粮食储备库存控制模型,并提出优化措施,有很强的代表性和推广价值。本文首先在查阅大量相关文献的基础上,对研究现状进行了分析,提出研究的主要内容、框架思路及研究方法,阐述了库存基本理论、储备粮库存常见模型,并分析储备粮分类的要素,从重要性、响应时间等指标,对库存进行分类。然后从基本情况、现储粮库存、附营情况、轮换情况方面对中央储备粮常德直属库进行介绍,指出了中央储备粮常德直属库存在库存轮换方式、轮换成本、储备粮信息管理系统、内部管理等方面存在的问题。接着,针对不同周期、需求类型、不同分类的物资,在一定的假设条件下,分别建立符合其特征的粮食储备库存控制模型。通过设计算例,得到常德直属库库存的最优解,并对各种费用变化、粮食储备轮换量等参数进行灵敏度分析。在此基础上,找到影响库存成本的关键控制点,提出库存优化措施及保障机制。最后对研究成果进行总结,指出本课题研究存在的问题和不足,并对粮食储备库存研究的前景进行展望。
[Abstract]:Grain reserve is an extremely important part of China's strategic security. On the one hand, it is the most important task to ensure national food security, is an important material basis of the state's macro-control ability, and is a necessary condition for promoting economic development and maintaining social stability. On the other hand, grain reserves take up a lot of manpower, material and financial resources, so it is necessary to control the inventory system optimally so as to reduce the cost, reduce the amount of funds occupied, improve the efficiency and the utilization of resources. The optimal cost and expenditure can be used to solve the problem of grain reserve inventory without decreasing the reserve support capacity. From the actual operation, the national food security is still facing severe challenges, there are still many problems. In macroscopical aspect, there exist some disadvantages such as the scale of national reserve is too large, the distribution is unreasonable, the variety structure is not ideal, the reserve system is not perfect, the subsidy of storage cost is insufficient and so on. At the micro level, the mode of inventory rotation is single, and the cost of rotation is too high. The lack of information management system for grain reserves and the weakness of internal management make the grain reserves in our country not achieve the ideal effect. In the face of the new situation of food security, how can we ensure the national food security, give play to its proper macro-control role, effectively regulate the grain market and prices, and optimize our country's grain reserve system? The key problem that needs to be solved is to reserve food with optimal cost and expenditure. Therefore, taking Changde directly under the central reserve of grain storage as an example, this paper analyzes the current situation of its inventory, combines the characteristics of its stock, establishes the model of grain reserve inventory control according to its characteristics, and puts forward the optimization measures. It has strong representativeness and promotion value. On the basis of consulting a large number of related documents, this paper analyzes the current situation of the research, puts forward the main contents of the research, frame ideas and research methods, expounds the basic theory of inventory, the common model of grain reserve inventory, The factors of grain reserve classification are analyzed, and the inventory is classified from the indicators of importance, response time and so on. Then, from the basic situation, the current storage stock, the attached business situation and the rotation situation, the paper introduces the central grain reserves directly under the warehouse of Changde, and points out that there exists the mode of inventory rotation and the cost of the rotation of the central grain reserve directly under the warehouse. Storage grain information management system, internal management and other aspects of the problems. Then, according to the different periods, demand types, different classification of materials, under certain assumptions, the grain reserve inventory control model is established respectively in accordance with its characteristics. Through the design example, the optimal solution of the inventory of Changde immediate warehouse is obtained, and the sensitivity analysis of various parameters, such as the change of cost and the rotation of grain reserve, is carried out. On this basis, the key control points that affect the inventory cost are found, and the stock optimization measures and the guarantee mechanism are put forward. Finally, the paper summarizes the research results, points out the problems and shortcomings of the research, and looks forward to the prospect of the research on grain reserve inventory.
【学位授予单位】：南华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F324.9

【参考文献】