山东省棉花质量管理研究

发布时间：2019-04-04 14:42

【摘要】：山东省作为传统的植棉大省,棉花种植面积一直位居全国第二,仅次于新疆。但是近十年来,棉花面积逐年萎缩,棉花质量逐渐暴露出纤维一致性降低、品级不稳定、异性纤维含量高等问题,严重影响了棉花销售价格和棉农种植积极性。因此,如何改进棉花质量管理方法、形成规范化管理系统,提高从业人员管理水平,是本文要讨论的重要问题。主要内容及结论如下:首先通过对新体制棉花公证检验统计结果的分析,得出山东棉花质量位于全国平均水平,纤维品质表现一般。其中,颜色级、扎工质量、长度三项指标表现稳定,位于全国平均水平;断裂比强度、平均长度整齐度表现较好,近年来提升明显;马克隆值是山东棉花的短板,C级偏差过大,细度和成熟度过大,影响棉花整体的可纺性。总之,山东棉花整体质量很差,近年来出现明显下降趋势。经过棉花主产区实地调研发现,目前棉花质量管理存在着生产环节生产组织性差、流通环节棉花纤维一致性差、品级不稳定、异性纤维含量居高不下、加工环节初加工质量损失严重等问题。影响棉花质量高低的因素主要包括自然条件、生产环节、市场监管、产业政策四个方面,其问题的成因既有客观环境制约,如自然条件、突发气象灾害和病虫害,也包括人为因素影响,如生产环节中的品种选育、田间管理、采摘管理、交售环节的不当管理,还有市场监管、产业政策等环境制度方面的缺陷。通过采用SCP分析方法,即“市场结构(Market Structure)-市场行为(Market Conduct)-市场绩效(Market Performance)”范式,对棉花产业结构与棉花质量行为、质量绩效之间的关系进行深入研究,得出棉花产业结构呈现市场集中度低,行业壁垒低,经营规模小的现状;棉花市场主体行为中棉农对于生产环节的疏于管理,中间商的均价收购,纺织加工企业不规范生产,导致了其产品质量不达标、收益降低,影响了下一棉花年度的再生产;质量绩效降低反向激励种植业棉花质量的提高等结论。最后从系统层面提出加强对棉花质量的管理,建立棉花质量管理体系,规范棉花产业链中各环节主体的行为。棉花质量管理体系的构建要以棉花质量保障体系为重点,棉花质量诚信体系为指导,棉花质量检验体系为监管,形成从棉田到纺织加工生产线全面的棉花质量管理的长效机制。
[Abstract]:Shandong Province as a traditional cotton planting province, cotton planting area has been ranked second in the country, only after Xinjiang. But in the past ten years, the cotton area has been shrinking year by year, the cotton quality has gradually exposed the problems of decreasing fiber consistency, unstable grade and high content of heterosexual fiber, which have seriously affected the cotton sales price and the enthusiasm of cotton farmers to plant. Therefore, how to improve the cotton quality management methods, form a standardized management system, improve the management level of employees, is an important issue to be discussed in this paper. The main contents and conclusions are as follows: firstly, through the analysis of the statistical results of the new system of cotton notarization test, it is concluded that the cotton quality of Shandong Province is in the national average level, and the fiber quality is common. Among them, the three indexes of color grade, tie quality and length are stable, located at the national average level, the fracture specific strength, average length uniformity performance is better, in recent years, the improvement is obvious. The horse clone value is the deficiency of Shandong cotton, the deviation of C grade is too large, the fineness and maturity of cotton is too large, which affects the spinnability of cotton as a whole. In short, the overall quality of Shandong cotton is very poor, in recent years there is a significant downward trend. Through the field investigation in the main cotton producing areas, it is found that at present the cotton quality management has poor production organization in production link, poor consistency of cotton fiber in circulation link, unstable grade of cotton fiber, and high content of heterosexual fiber. Problems such as serious loss of processing quality at the beginning of the processing process. The factors affecting cotton quality mainly include natural conditions, production links, market supervision and industrial policy. The causes of the problems are both objective environmental constraints, such as natural conditions, sudden meteorological disasters and diseases and insect pests. It also includes man-made factors, such as variety selection, field management, picking management, improper management of sale link, market supervision, industrial policy and other environmental system defects. In this paper, the relationship between cotton industrial structure, cotton quality behavior and quality performance is deeply studied by means of SCP analysis, i.e. "Market structure (Market Structure)-Market behavior (Market Conduct)-Market performance (Market Performance)" paradigm, and the relationship between cotton industry structure and cotton quality behavior and quality performance is deeply studied. It is concluded that the cotton industry structure presents the present situation of low market concentration, low trade barriers and small scale of operation. In the behavior of the main body of the cotton market, cotton farmers neglect the management of the production link, the average purchase of the middleman, and the non-standard production of the textile processing enterprises, which leads to the substandard quality of the products and the decrease of the income, which affects the reproduction of the next cotton year; The decrease of quality performance encourages the improvement of cotton quality in the field of cultivation in reverse direction, and so on. At last, it is put forward to strengthen the management of cotton quality, establish the cotton quality management system and standardize the behavior of each link in the cotton industry chain. The construction of cotton quality management system should be focused on cotton quality assurance system, cotton quality integrity system as guidance, cotton quality inspection system as supervision, and form a comprehensive cotton quality management mechanism from cotton field to textile processing production line.
【学位授予单位】：山东农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F322

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