可持续生计视角下中国农村贫困治理研究综述
发布时间：2019-04-15 20:13
【摘要】：提高贫困人口的谋生能力,帮助扶贫对象建立可持续生计,是我国贫困治理的最终目的和意义。生计资本是构建可持续生计的关键要素,生计策略是构建可持续生计的重要载体,因此,可持续生计视角下中国农村贫困治理的核心问题是生计资产的增加和生计策略的优化。本文在查阅社会、经济、地理、环境等多学科的研究成果的基础上,采取"剖析减贫机理-提出减贫路径"的研究思路和文献综述研究方法,从生计资本(人力资本、金融资本、社会资本、物质资本、自然资本)和生计策略等两大方面对中国农村贫困治理的研究进展进行系统梳理和归纳总结。在对文献研究结果总结提炼的基础上,提出基于农户可持续生计的中国贫困治理框架,其中心思想为:贫困农户处于自然环境、社会文化、地理区位等因素组成的脆弱性生计环境中谋生,生计环境对贫困农户生计资产有着直接的影响;通过分析农户生计环境和生计资本,可以识别出贫困原因,探明生计发展的约束或短板因素,找出农户生计构建的突破口;然后通过相关政策实施的扶持,帮助贫困农户建立能适应各种外部环境的可持续生计策略,最终实现自我发展能力的提升、可持续的生计产出和稳定脱贫。最后,本文提出了中国农村贫困治理未来研究的主要方向:跨学科的综合研究、时空差异及动态研究、基础和应用相结合的研究、精准扶贫背景下中国贫困治理的动力机制研究等。
[Abstract]:It is the ultimate goal and significance of poverty management in our country to improve the living ability of poor people and help the target of poverty alleviation to establish sustainable livelihood. Livelihood capital is the key factor to construct sustainable livelihood, and livelihood strategy is an important carrier of building sustainable livelihood. Therefore, the core issues of rural poverty governance in China from the perspective of sustainable livelihood are the increase of livelihood assets and the optimization of livelihood strategies. On the basis of consulting the social, economic, geographical, environmental and other multidisciplinary research results, this paper adopts the research ideas of "analyzing the mechanism of poverty reduction-proposing the path of poverty reduction" and literature review research methods, from the livelihood capital (human capital, etc.). Financial capital, social capital, material capital, natural capital and livelihood strategy are two aspects of the research progress of rural poverty management in China. On the basis of summarizing and refining the results of literature research, this paper puts forward a framework of poverty governance in China based on the sustainable livelihood of farmers, in which the idea is: poor farmers are in a natural environment, social culture, and so on. Geographical location and other factors constitute a vulnerable livelihood environment, livelihood environment has a direct impact on the livelihood assets of poor farmers; Through the analysis of farmers' livelihood environment and capital, we can identify the causes of poverty, find out the constraints or deficiencies of livelihood development, and find out the breakthrough in the construction of farmers' livelihood. Then through the support of the implementation of the relevant policies, help the poor farmers to establish sustainable livelihood strategies that can adapt to various external environments, finally achieve self-development capacity improvement, sustainable livelihood output and stability out of poverty. Finally, this paper puts forward the main directions of future research on rural poverty governance in China: interdisciplinary comprehensive research, spatio-temporal differences and dynamic research, and the combination of basic and applied research. Research on the motive mechanism of poverty management in China under the background of precision poverty alleviation.
【作者单位】： 北京市社会科学院市情调研中心;上海财经大学财经研究所/城市与区域科学学院;中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所;西昌学院资源与环境学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目“山区农户生计与贫困、生态环境问题研究”(批准号:41461040) 教育部人文社科基金项目“基于生计策略选择的贫困山区农户可持续生计研究”(批准号:13YJCZH050)
【分类号】：F323.8
[Abstract]:It is the ultimate goal and significance of poverty management in our country to improve the living ability of poor people and help the target of poverty alleviation to establish sustainable livelihood. Livelihood capital is the key factor to construct sustainable livelihood, and livelihood strategy is an important carrier of building sustainable livelihood. Therefore, the core issues of rural poverty governance in China from the perspective of sustainable livelihood are the increase of livelihood assets and the optimization of livelihood strategies. On the basis of consulting the social, economic, geographical, environmental and other multidisciplinary research results, this paper adopts the research ideas of "analyzing the mechanism of poverty reduction-proposing the path of poverty reduction" and literature review research methods, from the livelihood capital (human capital, etc.). Financial capital, social capital, material capital, natural capital and livelihood strategy are two aspects of the research progress of rural poverty management in China. On the basis of summarizing and refining the results of literature research, this paper puts forward a framework of poverty governance in China based on the sustainable livelihood of farmers, in which the idea is: poor farmers are in a natural environment, social culture, and so on. Geographical location and other factors constitute a vulnerable livelihood environment, livelihood environment has a direct impact on the livelihood assets of poor farmers; Through the analysis of farmers' livelihood environment and capital, we can identify the causes of poverty, find out the constraints or deficiencies of livelihood development, and find out the breakthrough in the construction of farmers' livelihood. Then through the support of the implementation of the relevant policies, help the poor farmers to establish sustainable livelihood strategies that can adapt to various external environments, finally achieve self-development capacity improvement, sustainable livelihood output and stability out of poverty. Finally, this paper puts forward the main directions of future research on rural poverty governance in China: interdisciplinary comprehensive research, spatio-temporal differences and dynamic research, and the combination of basic and applied research. Research on the motive mechanism of poverty management in China under the background of precision poverty alleviation.
【作者单位】： 北京市社会科学院市情调研中心;上海财经大学财经研究所/城市与区域科学学院;中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所;西昌学院资源与环境学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目“山区农户生计与贫困、生态环境问题研究”(批准号:41461040) 教育部人文社科基金项目“基于生计策略选择的贫困山区农户可持续生计研究”(批准号:13YJCZH050)
【分类号】：F323.8
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