自我剥削、禀赋效应与农地流转潜在市场发育——兼论经济欠发达地区小农户生产方式转型
发布时间：2019-04-27 19:38
【摘要】：以家庭均包制为主要经营特征的农村土地制度曾一度引致农户农业生产积极性的提高和农业生产效率的快速增长,但由此导致的细碎化小规模的农地经营特征和农业生产成本的上升却造成了农地经营的自我剥削现象普遍存在,加之传统的村庄惯习和土地占有关系诱致的农户对农地的禀赋效应,共同导致农户农地经营的自我剥削属性与土地的市场处置行为呈现出内在运行机制不一致性。为此,本文采用引入交叉项的Probit模型,并利用江西省丰城市和遂川县的706户农户调查数据经验分析了小农户的自我剥削和农地禀赋效应对农地流转潜在市场发育的影响。理论分析表明,农地经营的自我剥削特征与农地市场化具有一致性倾向,但农地的人格化财产属性引致的农户禀赋效应造成了农户农地经营自我剥削感知度的下降,并削弱了要素经营属性与市场配置行为的匹配。经验分析结果发现,小农户低效率农地经营导致的自我剥削与农地禀赋效应分别激励农地流转市场的潜在供给和需求。同时,农地禀赋效应弱化了自我剥削对农地流转潜在需求和供给的诱发作用。为此,本文认为降低农户的土地禀赋效应是欠发达地区小农户转型的总体方向,它为农地由小农户流向生产大户和培育部分小农户成为新型农业经营主体提供保障。文章主要从家庭决策的利益导向化、农地流转市场与劳动力市场发展的不一致性及农村制度供给等维度提出了经济欠发达地区小农户转变农业生产方式,跳出自我剥削陷阱的政策建议。具体措施包括:1切实保障小农户的基本权益,提高他们在家庭资源配置中的预期收益;2在初次规模经营补贴、农业基本补贴机制转变、经营者生产奖励、专业技能培训、市场信息供给等层面加大投入力度,同时完善农村社会保障体系,以降低小农户转型的难度与风险。
[Abstract]:The rural land system, which is mainly characterized by the family ownership system, once led to the improvement of farmers' enthusiasm for agricultural production and the rapid growth of agricultural production efficiency. However, the resulting small-scale agricultural land management characteristics and the increase in agricultural production costs have led to the widespread phenomenon of self-exploitation of agricultural land management. In addition, the traditional village habits and the relationship between land ownership and farmers' endowment effect on agricultural land, together lead to farmers' self-exploitation of agricultural land management and land market management behavior presents inherent inconsistencies in the operation mechanism. In this paper, the Probit model with cross-terms is used to analyze the effects of small-scale farmers' self-exploitation and the effect of farmland endowment on the potential market development of farmland transfer by using 706 household survey data in Fengcheng and Suichuan County of Jiangxi Province. The theoretical analysis shows that the characteristics of self-exploitation of farmland management are consistent with the marketization of farmland, but the effect of farmers' endowment caused by the personal property attribute of farmland results in the decline of farmers' perception of self-exploitation of farmland management. At the same time, it weakens the matching between the attribute of factor management and the behavior of market allocation. The results of empirical analysis show that the self-exploitation and the effect of land endowment caused by the low-efficiency farmland management of small-scale farmers stimulate the potential supply and demand of the farmland transfer market respectively. At the same time, the effect of land endowment weakens the induced effect of self-exploitation on the potential demand and supply of farmland transfer. Therefore, this paper argues that reducing the effect of farmers' land endowment is the overall direction of the transformation of small farmers in the underdeveloped areas, which provides guarantee for the transfer of agricultural land from small farmers to large producers and the cultivation of some small farmers as the main body of the new type of agricultural management. This paper puts forward the transformation of agricultural production mode by small farmers in underdeveloped areas from the aspects of family decision-making, the inconsistency between rural land transfer market and labor market development, and the supply of rural system, etc. Policy recommendations for jumping out of the trap of self-exploitation. The specific measures include: (1) ensuring the basic rights and interests of small farmers and improving their expected income in the allocation of family resources; (2) increase investment in initial scale operation subsidy, agricultural basic subsidy mechanism change, operator production reward, professional skills training, market information supply, etc., and at the same time improve the rural social security system. In order to reduce the difficulty and risk of small farmers transformation.
【作者单位】： 南京农业大学公共管理学院;华南农业大学经济管理学院;沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目“农地流转模式、流转契约与农业规模经营模式组合:驱动力、绩效与机制设计”(批准号:71373127),“快速城镇化进程中农户土地利用行为影响及其对耕地质量影响研究”(批准号:71503174),“非正式制度视角下农地产权安全与投资激励:作用机理及政策干预”(批准号:71603121)
【分类号】：F321.1
[Abstract]:The rural land system, which is mainly characterized by the family ownership system, once led to the improvement of farmers' enthusiasm for agricultural production and the rapid growth of agricultural production efficiency. However, the resulting small-scale agricultural land management characteristics and the increase in agricultural production costs have led to the widespread phenomenon of self-exploitation of agricultural land management. In addition, the traditional village habits and the relationship between land ownership and farmers' endowment effect on agricultural land, together lead to farmers' self-exploitation of agricultural land management and land market management behavior presents inherent inconsistencies in the operation mechanism. In this paper, the Probit model with cross-terms is used to analyze the effects of small-scale farmers' self-exploitation and the effect of farmland endowment on the potential market development of farmland transfer by using 706 household survey data in Fengcheng and Suichuan County of Jiangxi Province. The theoretical analysis shows that the characteristics of self-exploitation of farmland management are consistent with the marketization of farmland, but the effect of farmers' endowment caused by the personal property attribute of farmland results in the decline of farmers' perception of self-exploitation of farmland management. At the same time, it weakens the matching between the attribute of factor management and the behavior of market allocation. The results of empirical analysis show that the self-exploitation and the effect of land endowment caused by the low-efficiency farmland management of small-scale farmers stimulate the potential supply and demand of the farmland transfer market respectively. At the same time, the effect of land endowment weakens the induced effect of self-exploitation on the potential demand and supply of farmland transfer. Therefore, this paper argues that reducing the effect of farmers' land endowment is the overall direction of the transformation of small farmers in the underdeveloped areas, which provides guarantee for the transfer of agricultural land from small farmers to large producers and the cultivation of some small farmers as the main body of the new type of agricultural management. This paper puts forward the transformation of agricultural production mode by small farmers in underdeveloped areas from the aspects of family decision-making, the inconsistency between rural land transfer market and labor market development, and the supply of rural system, etc. Policy recommendations for jumping out of the trap of self-exploitation. The specific measures include: (1) ensuring the basic rights and interests of small farmers and improving their expected income in the allocation of family resources; (2) increase investment in initial scale operation subsidy, agricultural basic subsidy mechanism change, operator production reward, professional skills training, market information supply, etc., and at the same time improve the rural social security system. In order to reduce the difficulty and risk of small farmers transformation.
【作者单位】： 南京农业大学公共管理学院;华南农业大学经济管理学院;沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目“农地流转模式、流转契约与农业规模经营模式组合:驱动力、绩效与机制设计”(批准号:71373127),“快速城镇化进程中农户土地利用行为影响及其对耕地质量影响研究”(批准号:71503174),“非正式制度视角下农地产权安全与投资激励:作用机理及政策干预”(批准号:71603121)
【分类号】：F321.1
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