德国精准农业做法及启示——以百年农场Gut Derenburg为例

发布时间：2019-05-05 20:04

【摘要】：[目的]通过分析德国Gut Derenburg农场推进精准农业的做法和思路,以期对我国发展精准农业提供借鉴。[方法]采用实证研究法,介绍德国百年农场Gut Derenburg发展精准农业的基本情况,剖析其在改良土壤、底施磷钾肥和有机肥、变量追施氮肥和生长调节剂、农机作业等方面实施精准管理的应用实例,并总结其成功经验。[结果]Gut Derenburg农场的主要做法:(1)通过建立详实的土壤空间数据库和属性数据库,来实现对基肥施用(磷钾肥、有机肥)和土壤改良(应用堆肥和石灰调控土壤p H)的分区精准管理;(2)通过近红外光谱实时测定叶片营养状况、群体长势等实现中后期氮肥的变量精准施用和作物生长调节控制;(3)基于车载Telematics系统实现多农机同时高效作业的精准管理。[结论]Gut Derenburg农场对当前中国发展精准农业的启示:(1)以提高经济效益为前提;(2)以专业化服务为依托;(3)以提高资源利用效率为核心;(4)以规模经营为基础;(5)以提升劳动力素质为支撑。
[Abstract]:[objective] to provide reference for the development of precision agriculture in China by analyzing the methods and train of thought of promoting precision agriculture on Gut Derenburg farm in Germany. [methods] by means of empirical research, this paper introduces the basic situation of Gut Derenburg development of precision agriculture in 100 years' farm in Germany, and analyzes its application in improving soil, applying phosphorus and potassium fertilizer and organic fertilizer, applying nitrogen fertilizer and growth regulator in variable, and applying nitrogen fertilizer and growth regulator in variables. The application examples of precision management in agricultural machinery operation are given, and the successful experiences are summarized. [results] the main practices of Gut Derenburg farm were as follows: (1) the application of base fertilizer (phosphate and potassium fertilizer) was realized by establishing a detailed soil spatial database and attribute database. Organic fertilizer) and soil improvement (application of compost and lime to regulate the precise management of soil p H) in different regions; (2) real-time measurement of leaf nutrition status by near infrared spectroscopy, population growth and so on to achieve variable precise application of nitrogen fertilizer and control of crop growth; (3) precise management of multi-farm machinery at the same time and high efficiency based on-board Telematics system. [conclusion] the enlightenment of Gut Derenburg farm to the development of precision agriculture in China at present is as follows: (1) to improve the economic benefit, (2) to rely on specialized service, (3) to improve the efficiency of resource utilization, and (3) to improve the efficiency of resource utilization; (4) on the basis of scale management; (5) to improve the quality of labor force as the support.
【作者单位】：农业部发展计划司;全国农业技术推广服务中心;中国农学会;农业部工程建设服务中心;中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所;中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所;新疆维吾尔自治区农业厅;宁夏农牧厅农业资源区划办公室;
【分类号】：F351.6

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