城乡互动的国际经验及其对中国的启示

发布时间：2019-05-20 07:28

【摘要】：中国的城乡关系经历了改革开放前的城乡隔离、改革开放后的城市主导，以及21世纪以来已经进入了“以城带乡”的城乡统筹发展阶段。但是城乡差距依然很大，城乡发展地位仍然不平等，，城市和农村之间的要素流动仍然主要是从农村到城市的单向流动。十八届三中全会提出“必须健全体制机制，形成以工促农、以城带乡、工农互惠、城乡一体的新型工农城乡关系”，借鉴国际经验，走适合中国的城乡一体化道路，是现阶段我国重要的战略选择。本文首先对城乡关系、城乡互动的基本理论与实证研究进行梳理，在此基础上分析城乡关系演进的基本规律及其理论阐释，重点对国际上具有代表性的经验模式进行总结，然后利用中国近年来的城乡数据以及政府推出的城乡政策，将中国城乡关系演进的阶段进行分析，进而提出促进中国城乡互动的对策和建议。本文的主要工作和观点如下：（1）尝试从动态的视角分析城乡关系的演进规律及其理论阐释：城乡之间的劳动力流动、资本流动、产品流动、原材料流动以及资源流动，将城乡紧密联系在一起；因为城市具有聚集经济特征，因而在发展次序上，如果选择先城后乡，则能发挥城市的极化作用和扩散效应；城乡空间结构依据人口、经济活动密度可以采用网络布局模式实现城乡互动。根据要素流动、城乡发展特征，可以将城乡关系演进分为城乡独立发展、乡村推动发展、城市主导发展、城乡二元发展、城市带动乡村发展以及城乡融合发展等六个阶段。（2）根据要素在城乡之间的流动、城乡发展次序、城乡空间特征等方面，总结并提炼城乡互动的国际模式：要素自由流动、先城后乡的美国模式；要素自由流动、城市偏向的拉美模式；要素非自由流动、城市偏向的亚洲模式；要素自由流动、城乡空间融合的欧洲模式。分析各种模式下要素流动、城乡发展、空间结构、经济绩效等方面的相互关系。（3）借鉴国际经验模式，分析中国城乡关系演进特征，提出适合中国国情的城乡发展对策建议：因地制宜，分地区采取不同的互动模式，如东部发达地区可以借鉴欧洲地区的区域网络模式，而对于中部地区则要实现大中小城市均衡发展，对于西部欠发达地区，可以采取“先城后乡”的发展模式；加强农村地区的交通通信等设施建设、促进生产要素在城乡之间的流动；加快城乡产业互动，加大农村产业的科研投入，引导城市产业向农村地区合理流动；完善城乡之间的资金流动机制，建立健全城乡之间的人才流动机制。
[Abstract]:The relationship between urban and rural areas in China has experienced the isolation of urban and rural areas before the reform and opening up, the urban dominance after the reform and opening up, and has entered the stage of urban and rural overall development since the 21st century. However, the gap between urban and rural areas is still very large, the status of urban and rural development is still unequal, and the flow of elements between urban and rural areas is still mainly a one-way flow from rural to urban. The third Plenary session of the 18th CPC Central Committee put forward that "it is necessary to improve the system and mechanism to form a new type of urban-rural relationship between workers and peasants who promote agriculture by industry, to bring rural areas to rural areas, to benefit workers and peasants, and to integrate urban and rural areas," and to draw lessons from international experience and take the road of urban-rural integration suitable for China. It is an important strategic choice in our country at the present stage. First of all, this paper combs the basic theory and empirical research of urban-rural relationship and urban-rural interaction, on this basis, analyzes the basic laws and theoretical interpretation of the evolution of urban-rural relationship, focusing on the international representative empirical model. Then, based on the urban and rural data of China in recent years and the urban and rural policies put forward by the government, this paper analyzes the evolution stage of the relationship between urban and rural areas in China, and then puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions to promote the interaction between urban and rural areas in China. The main work and viewpoints of this paper are as follows: (1) try to analyze the evolution law and theoretical explanation of urban-rural relationship from a dynamic perspective: the flow of labor force, capital flow, product flow between urban and rural areas, The flow of raw materials and resources is closely linked between urban and rural areas; Because the city has the characteristics of agglomeration economy, in the order of development, if we choose the first city and then the township, we can give full play to the polarization and diffusion effect of the city. According to the population and the density of economic activity, the urban and rural spatial structure can realize the interaction between urban and rural areas by network layout mode. According to the characteristics of factor flow and urban-rural development, the evolution of urban-rural relationship can be divided into six stages: urban-rural independent development, rural-driven development, urban-rural-led development, urban-rural dual development, urban-rural development and urban-rural integration development. (2) according to the flow of elements between urban and rural areas, the order of urban and rural development, the spatial characteristics of urban and rural areas, this paper summarizes and refines the international model of urban-rural interaction: the free flow of elements, the American model of first city and then hometown; The Latin American model of free flow of elements, the Latin American model of urban preference, the Asian model of non-free flow of elements, the Asian model of urban bias, the European model of free flow of elements and spatial integration of urban and rural areas. This paper analyzes the relationship among factor flow, urban and rural development, spatial structure, economic performance and so on. (3) drawing lessons from the international experience model, this paper analyzes the evolution characteristics of urban-rural relations in China, and puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions for urban and rural development suitable for China's national conditions: according to local conditions, different interaction modes should be adopted in different regions. For example, the eastern developed areas can draw lessons from the regional network model of European region, while for the central region, we should realize the balanced development of large, medium and small cities, and for the underdeveloped areas of the west, we can adopt the development mode of "first city and then township". We should strengthen the construction of transportation and communication facilities in rural areas, promote the flow of factors of production between urban and rural areas, speed up the interaction between urban and rural industries, increase the investment in scientific research of rural industries, and guide the rational flow of urban industries to rural areas. Improve the capital flow mechanism between urban and rural areas, establish and improve the talent flow mechanism between urban and rural areas.
【学位授予单位】：山西财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F320;F299.2

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