我国行业垄断的收入分配效应研究

发布时间：2017-12-31 08:07

本文关键词：我国行业垄断的收入分配效应研究　出处：《山东大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：改革开放以来,在中国经济高速发展的同时,许多严峻的社会问题也逐渐凸显出来,其中居民收入差距不断扩大已经成为制约经济实现进一步快速稳健增长、社会保持和谐稳定的一个重要影响因素,是一个亟待解决的难题。其中,行业收入差距是理解中国收入差距的关键。所有导致收入差距的因素几乎都与行业有关,城乡差距和二元经济从广义上来说,也是农业与工业、服务业之间的行业差别。行业收入差距除了受行业的人力资本状况、行业产品生产能力、行业劳动生产率、行业的技术水平等多种因素的影响之外,还与行业垄断有着巨大的关系,行业垄断是造成中国行业间收入差距的最主要原因。而且行业垄断对收入分配的影响主要表现为垄断行业与竞争性行业间的收入差距。本文首先对行业垄断与垄断行业、收入的类型等相关概念做了明确的定义与界定。然后又具体研究了行业垄断的收入分配效应,包括行业垄断的工资性收入分配效应和行业垄断的工资外收入分配效应。在对行业垄断对工资性收入的分配效应研究中,首先对各行业工资性收入的现状进行了描述,并借助相关系数、因子分析法等方法对行业垄断的工资性收入分配效应进行分析；在对工资外收入分配效应进行研究时,从行业间工资外显性收入的个案分析和行业间包括隐性收入在内的工资外收入分析两个角度进行,主要是借鉴王小鲁运用恩格尔系数法所得的估算结果,运用数据拟合的方式推算出工业部门各行业的收入情况进行相关分析。然后又分析了垄断行业与竞争性行业间收入差距的合理性及形成机制。对垄断行业与竞争性行业间收入差距的合理性分析,从每元收入产出值和职工受教育程度对垄断与竞争性行业间收入差距的影响两个角度,综合运用Oaxaca-Blinder分解法及相关的数据分析进行；并从垄断行业高利润、所有者缺位和内部人控制、劳动力市场缺陷三个方面对垄断行业与竞争性行业间收入差距的形成机制进行理论分析。本文的研究结果表明,在影响平均工资的众多因素之中,行政垄断程度对行业间工资差异的贡献度最大,是导致行业间工资差异更重要的原因,垄断行业与竞争性行业间的收入差异主要是由行政垄断所造成的。垄断行业比竞争性行业更容易取得工资性收入之外的收入,垄断行业与竞争性行业间的工资外收入存在着明显的差距,这种差距甚至比行业间的工资性收入差距都要大,与行业间工资性收入相比,行业间工资外收入具有更显著的收入分配效应,行业间的工资外收入差距是造成行业间实际收入差距的更主要的原因。另外,通过从行业产出值与人力资本两个角度对垄断行业高收入合理性的探讨,发现垄断行业的高收入与其自身的产出值是不相称的；此外,垄断行业职工的高学历对行业间的收入差距几乎没有影响。也就是说,垄断行业的高收入并不是由于其自身的高产值和较好的人力资本状况所造成的,而主要是由行政垄断所导致的,所以垄断行业的高收入在一定程度上是不合理的。垄断行业与竞争性行业间收入差距的形成及维持是垄断行业高利润、所有者缺位和内部人控制、劳动力市场缺陷三种力量共同作用的结果。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, Chinese in rapid economic development, many serious social problems have gradually emerged, the expanding income gap has become a constraint to achieve further economic fast and steady growth, maintain social harmony and stability is an important influence factor, is an urgent problem to be solved.
Among them, the income gap between the industry is the key to understanding the income gap between Chinese. All the factors lead to the income gap and almost all the industry, the gap between urban and rural areas and two yuan of economy in a broad sense, but also in agriculture and industry, the service industry between the industry difference. The income gap between the industry in addition to the situation of human capital by the industry, the production capacity of the industry products. Industry labor productivity, a variety of factors outside the industry technical level, but also with the industry monopoly has great relationship, industry monopoly is the major cause of Chinese. The income gap between the industry and the industry monopoly influence on the distribution of income is mainly manifested in the monopoly industries and the competition of the income gap between industries.
Firstly, industry monopoly and monopoly industries, the related concept of income types made a clear definition and definition. The effect of income distribution and specific study of the industry monopoly, income distribution effects including monopoly wage income distribution effect and industry monopoly. In the monopoly of the wage distribution effect the income in the current status of the industry wage income are described, and the correlation coefficient, analyze the wage income of monopoly factor analysis method of industry distribution effect; on the research of the income distribution effect, from the case of inter industry wage explicit analysis and inter industry income including, hidden income income analysis in two aspects, mainly from the estimation results using the Wang Xiaolu Engel coefficient method, using data fitting The way to calculate the correlation analysis of income of industrial departments in industry. Then it analyzes the rationality and the formation mechanism of monopoly and competition of the income gap between the industry. To analyze the rationality of monopoly industries and competitive industries, the income gap between the two aspects of the influence of education from the output of each element value and the degree of monopoly income of workers with the competition of the income gap between the industry, the integrated use of Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition method and the related data were analyzed; and from the monopoly of high profits, the absence of owner and insider control, theoretical analysis of the formation mechanism of defects of the labor market three aspects of monopoly and competition of the income gap between the industry.
The results of this study show that, in the numerous factors that affect the average wage, the degree of monopoly of industry wage differentials between the maximum contribution, is the cause of inter industry wage differentials is more important, the income difference of monopoly industries and competitive industries was mainly caused by administrative monopoly. Monopoly industries are more likely to get outside wage income than the competitive industry, monopoly industries and competitive industries between wage income, there is an obvious gap between the gap is even more than the industry wage income gap is larger, compared with inter industry wage income, inter industry wage income has more significant effect on income distribution, industry the income gap is the main reason causing the inter industry income gap. In addition, the monopoly of the industry by industry output value from the high income and human capital in two aspects The rationality of the study, found that the high income of monopoly industries and its output value is not proportionate; in addition, the high degree of monopoly industries and the income gap between industries has almost no effect. That is to say, the high income of monopoly industries is not due to their high value and good human capital situation caused by, but it is mainly caused by administrative monopoly, so the high income of monopoly industries is not reasonable in a certain extent. The formation of the income gap between monopoly industries and competitive industries and monopoly industries is to maintain high profits, the absence of owner and insider control, common defects of the labor market of the three forces.

【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F203;F124.7

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