喀斯特石漠化治理的惠及民生模式及社会效益分析

发布时间：2018-01-05 11:20

本文关键词：喀斯特石漠化治理的惠及民生模式及社会效益分析　出处：《贵州师范大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：石漠化治理的最终目的在于恢复生态环境，改善民生，让老百姓过上好日子，最大限度地让石漠化地区的居民共享石漠化治理成果。本文依托国家“十二五”科技支撑计划重大课题，选取贵州毕节撒拉溪示范区和贵州关岭—贞丰花江示范区作为代表，根据石漠化治理以人为本的理念，将生态建设与区域经济可持续发展、农民脱贫致富有机结合的基本思路和指导思想，结合“民生导向”的生态治理之路，结合民生相关理论，从民生视角出发，从宏观层面对示范区的民生现状进行分析，同时，结合对示范区内典型农户的调查并从民生视角提出治理石漠化的惠及民生模式及其产生的社会效益。 (1)从水资源状况、能源状况、基础设施状况等宏观层面对示范区的民生现状进行深入分析，并找出存在的问题，同时，通过典型农户的调查，从农户基本情况、居住环境、对石漠化的认知度、当地发展障碍以及农村发展愿望、对现状的满意度几个方面进行具体分析，获得农户对石漠化治理的反应。 (2)结合示范区存在的民生问题和对典型农户的调查，从民生视角，对石漠化工程进行布置实施，主要从建设基础设施、恢复生态环境、增强农民的参与意识，提高农民的积极性、发展特色经济、社区参与式发展几个方面来布置石漠化工程，让老百姓切实感受到石漠化治理给自身带来的利益。 (3)结合示范区民生特点，，根据已有经验，针对不同示范区特点分别构建了两个不同的惠及民生模式：撒拉溪示范区-以农合组织为核心的与民共建模式，此模式以土地流转为纽带，提高了社区的发展能力和群众的参与积极性，提高农业生产经营组织化程度，推进农业分散经营向规模化、产业化经营转变，提高了农民组织化程度，使广大农民通过专业合作社平台真正成为石漠化治理中产业化经营的推动者、受益者。花江示范区-政府主导的科技惠民模式，此模式通过政府主导下的政策支持和科技示范，通过推广优良品种和配套栽培技术，提高土地产出率、资源利用率和农业劳动生产率，让农民在先进适用农业技术的推广应用中得到实惠。加快了农业结构调整，依靠科技进步，转变生产方式，巩固了已有的石漠化治理成果，提高了农民的素质和主动性。 (4)通过对示范区的社会效益进行跟踪监测，从人口构成、生活质量、资源配置来分析惠及民生模式产生的社会效益，结果显示：从2011年到2013年，从2011年到2013年，第一产业从业人员比重从72.48%下降到69.13%，第二产业从业人员比重从15%上升到16.36%，三产业的从业人员比重从12.52%上升到14.51%；GDP从2011年的6586.07万元增长到2013的8923.42万元，年均增长率为6.4%；人均GDP从2011年的3091元增长到2013年4025元，年均增长率为5.4%；恩格尔系数由2011年的45.16%下降到2013年的36.23%；示范区的公路通车里程由2011年的98.07km到2013年的102.81km；公路密度由2011年的1.34km/km2到2013的1.91km/km2；花江示范区第一产业从业人员比重从60%下降到39%，第二产业从业人员比重从21%上升到30%，第三产业从业人员比重从19%上升到31%，第三产业劳动力数量超过第二产业；GDP从2005年的2321.5万元增长到2010的4641.19万元，年均增长率为14.87%；人均GDP从2005年的3053元增长到2010年5390元，年均增长率为12.11%。恩格尔系数由2011年的39.5%下降到2013年的34.2%。示范区的使用自来水人数的比重由2011年的42.92%上升到2013年的55.89%。
[Abstract]:The ultimate aim of the governance of rocky desertification is to restore the ecological environment , improve the livelihood of the people , and let the people live a good day to furthest make the inhabitants of the rocky desertification area share the results of rocky desertification control . According to the concept of people - oriented idea of the national " 12th Five - Year Plan " , this paper analyzes the present situation of people ' s livelihood in the demonstration area from the perspective of people ' s livelihood based on the concept of people - based management of rocky desertification . At the same time , combining with the survey of typical farmers in the demonstration area and from the perspective of people ' s livelihood , this paper puts forward the benefits and social benefits of controlling rocky desertification from the perspective of people ' s livelihood . ( 1 ) From the macro aspects of water resources , energy situation and infrastructure condition , the present situation of the people ' s livelihood in the demonstration area is analyzed deeply and the problems are found . At the same time , through the survey of typical farmers , the paper analyzes the satisfaction of the present situation from the basic condition of the farmer , the living environment , the cognition degree , the local development obstacle and the rural development desire , and obtains the response of the farmer to the treatment of rocky desertification . ( 2 ) According to the livelihood problems and the survey of typical farmers in the demonstration area , from the perspective of the people ' s livelihood , the implementation of the rocky desertification project is carried out , mainly from the construction of the infrastructure , the restoration of the ecological environment , the enhancement of the farmers ' participation consciousness , the improvement of the enthusiasm of the farmers , the development of the characteristic economy and the participatory development of the community . ( 3 ) According to the characteristics of the people ' s livelihood in the demonstration area , according to the existing experience , two different modes of benefit and livelihood are built according to the characteristics of different demonstration areas . The model takes the land circulation as the link , improves the development ability of the community and the participation enthusiasm of the masses , improves the organization degree of the agricultural production , promotes the popularization and application of the agricultural technology , improves the agricultural structure adjustment , relies on the scientific and technological progress and transforms the production mode , strengthens the existing desertification control results , and improves the quality and initiative of the farmers . From 2011 to 2013 , the proportion of workers in the first industry increased from 72.48 % to 69.13 % in 2013 .

【学位授予单位】：贵州师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F127;X171.4

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