碳权分配及其交易问题研究

发布时间：2018-01-14 11:17

本文关键词：碳权分配及其交易问题研究　出处：《浙江理工大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：碳排放的快速增长和巨大总量使得我国面临着国际社会和国内资源环境约束的双重压力，碳减排成为必然选择。碳权交易作为理论上行之有效的碳减排工具，其前提在于碳权的合理分配。在我国不同区域间以及区域内部合理分配碳权，并在此基础上进行相应的碳权交易，将为我国未来碳减排提供可供实际操作的政策工具。本文从区域间和区域内两个层面，利用丰富的数据资料，深入研究中国二氧化碳排放权分配及其交易机制。首先，在现有研究的基础上，运用微观经济学等相关理论，结合碳权分配和交易的特点，具体解释碳权交易的基本原理及运行机制；接着，通过IPCC核算方法计算出各地区二氧化碳排放量，，并利用碳排放强度和人均累计二氧化碳排放量指标描述各地区不同的初始排放指标，比较两者之间的优劣；然后，采用中国各省区及工业企业的数据，运用DEA的方向性距离函数方法研究了能源消费结构约束下的我国省级地区碳排放绩效、二氧化碳边际减排成本和工业行业二氧化碳影子价格；最后，在此基础上，运用逻辑推导的方法对碳权交易进行经济学理论模型分析。通过理论分析和实证研究，本文得出以下结论：（1）相比较人均历史累计碳排放量，按碳排放强度目标进行碳权初始分配忽略了公平性，而前者则忽略了碳权分配的效率性，会阻碍我国工业化发展的进度。（2）综合考虑公平和效率，运用人均GDP所耗用的二氧化碳排放量为分配依据，同时考虑到我国区域间由于技术水平不同而带来的碳减排成本以及碳排放量的差异，对经济发达地区历年每单位GDP碳排放含量加成一个小于1的系数。（3）从研究数据看，各地区二氧化碳边际减排成本差异较大，一般碳排放绩效高的地区，碳排放空间小，所要付出的宏观经济成本越高，减排难度也更大；轻工业行业的二氧化碳影子价格绝对值要高于重工业行业，因而减排难度较后者大。（4）通过情景设置建立了区域间、行业间碳权交易市场的理论模型实现了交易。结果分析得出通过交易，单个区域或行业和整个社会总的碳减排成本和碳排放量都获得了下降。（5）在此基础上，我国碳权交易机制要从自愿交易市场向强制性交易市场，从重点区域、重点耗能型行业进行试点到全国碳权市场的“双轨制”过渡。本文的研究丰富了国内关于碳权市场构建的相关成果，提出的二氧化碳初始分配方案在理论上也具有一定的突破意义，当然限于笔者的能力和精力，本文仍存在诸多的不足之处，论文最后部分提出了本研究的局限性以及未来或许可以取得突破的方向。
[Abstract]:The rapid growth and great amount of carbon emission make China face the double pressure of the international community and domestic resource environmental constraints , and carbon emission reduction becomes the inevitable choice . As the theoretically effective carbon emission reduction tool , carbon rights trade is the premise of rational distribution of carbon rights . In different regions of China and within the region , the carbon rights are reasonably distributed , and accordingly , the corresponding carbon rights transaction will be carried out , which will provide the policy tool for the future carbon emission reduction of our country for practical operation . Based on the existing research , this paper studies the distribution of carbon dioxide emission rights and its trading mechanism in China . First , on the basis of the existing research , the basic principle and operating mechanism of carbon rights transaction are explained by using the relevant theories such as micro economics and the characteristics of carbon rights distribution and transaction . Then , the author uses the method of the direct distance function of DEA to study the carbon emission performance , carbon dioxide marginal emission reduction cost and carbon dioxide shadow price of industry . Finally , based on the theory analysis and the empirical study , the following conclusions are drawn : ( 1 ) Compared with the historical cumulative carbon emission per capita , the initial distribution of carbon weight is neglected according to the carbon emission intensity target , while the former ignores the efficiency of carbon weight distribution , which can hinder the progress of China ' s industrialization development . ( 5 ) On this basis , China ' s carbon rights trading mechanism is going from the voluntary trading market to the mandatory trading market , from the focus area , the key energy consumption type industry to the " double track " transition of the national carbon rights market . The research enriches the relevant achievements of the construction of the carbon rights market in China . The proposed carbon dioxide initial allocation scheme has some breakthrough significance in theory , but is certainly limited to the author ' s ability and energy . The thesis still has many shortcomings . The last part of the thesis puts forward the limitations of this study and the direction in which the breakthrough may be achieved .

【学位授予单位】：浙江理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：X321;F124

【参考文献】