中国经济稳增长难题:人力资本错配及其解决途径

发布时间：2018-01-19 14:05

本文关键词： 经济转型人力资本错配经济稳增长　出处：《经济研究》2017年03期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：本文探讨为什么解决技术密集型部门和最终产品部门之间人力资本"错配"问题,是中国经济稳增长政策面临的难题,并借助"新卡尔多事实",关注全社会信息共享和知识传递的人力资本匹配效应。研究发现:在经济转型过程中,人力资本市场化配置可能失灵,易引发错配,致使创新动力不足。如果政府通过规制技术型企业,促其转型为创新型企业,虽完美解决了错配,但经济增长将面临下行压力,且经济受到人力资本供给的波动而不稳定。所以,人力资本错配是伴随稳增长的一个"难题"。尽管对于转型中的经济体而言,完美解决人力资本错配可能不是有效的,但提升社会的信息共享和知识传递水平,为人力资本外溢提供有效渠道,有利于实现人力资本在部门间的适宜匹配,可以成为推动整个社会创新和经济稳增长的实施条件。本文的政策含义是:当前中国经济处于资本积累效果和人口红利逐渐消失的时期,需要在保障人力资本形成的激励条件下,允许一定的人力资本错配,同时规制技术型企业,促其创新,与此同时,扩大人力资本外溢渠道,释放更多的教育和知识红利,推进知识生产与消费一体化过程,从而推动创新和实现增长跨越。
[Abstract]:This paper discusses why to solve the problem of human capital mismatch between technology-intensive sector and end-product sector, which is a difficult problem in China's economic growth policy, and with the help of the "New Calardo fact". Pay attention to the human capital matching effect of information sharing and knowledge transfer in the whole society. It is found that in the process of economic transformation, the market allocation of human capital may be out of order, which can easily lead to mismatch. If the government through the regulation of technology-based enterprises to promote its transformation into innovative enterprises, although the perfect solution to mismatch, but economic growth will face downward pressure. And the economy is unstable by fluctuations in the supply of human capital. Therefore, the mismatch of human capital is a "problem" with steady growth, although for economies in transition. The perfect solution to human capital mismatch may not be effective, but to improve the level of social information sharing and knowledge transfer, to provide an effective channel for human capital spillover, is conducive to the realization of human capital in the appropriate matching between departments. The policy implication of this paper is that the current Chinese economy is in the period of capital accumulation effect and population dividend gradually disappear. In order to ensure the formation of human capital, we should allow certain mismatch of human capital, at the same time, regulate the technological enterprises, promote their innovation, at the same time, expand the channels of human capital spillover. Release more education and knowledge dividend, promote the process of integration of knowledge production and consumption, thus promote innovation and achieve growth leapfrogging.
【作者单位】：安徽大学经济学院、中国三农问题研究中心;中国社会科学院经济研究所;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金重大招标课题(12&ZD084) 安徽大学青年骨干教师培养项目(J01005139);安徽大学人才引进科研建设项目(J10117700053)的资助
【分类号】：F124.1;F249.2
【正文快照】： 一、引言目前,中国人力资本在数量上已经达到足够规模,质量上也有了很大提升,但中国的人力资本在部门间严重不匹配,从而引起资源配置低效率的事实已经严重影响当前中国“转方式、调结构”战略实施成功的可能性,并成为阻碍中国经济稳增长的重要因素。主要表现在:第一,研发人员

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