中国技术进步实现路径及其时空分异规律

发布时间：2018-02-23 20:40

本文关键词： 技术进步要素投入结构全要素生产率时空分异　出处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2017年11期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：作为促进全要素生产率变动的重要动力来源,技术进步的速率及其要素偏向类型均在较大程度上影响着经济增长的潜力乃至其发展方式。本文基于生产前沿分析框架,构建技术进步的综合评估模型,对1996—2014年期间中国技术进步速率、实现路径及要素偏向类型的时空分异规律进行系统研究。结果显示:(1)在整个样本期内,中国技术进步的平均速率高达3.05%,不仅抵消了由技术效率降低所导致的TFP损失部分,还促进整体的生产率实现了年均近2%的增长。纵观其阶段性变化特征:中国技术进步速率在2003年之前逐年下降,其数值由1996年的1.080降低到2003年的1.025;随后,该指数呈现波动状态,取值范围在1.006—1.030之间。(2)近20年来中国所实现的持续技术进步主要源自于中性技术进步的贡献(约为86%);尽管要素偏向型技术进步的贡献份额总体上呈现持续上升态势,但作用相对较小(仅为14%)。由此可见,随着要素市场化改革的持续推进以及资源配置效率的不断提升,要素偏向型技术进步对我国总体技术水平的提升作用尚存在较大的改进空间。(3)中国要素偏向型技术进步在整个样本期内总体表现为资本密集-劳动节约型、能源密集-劳动节约型特征;而对于资本、能源两种要素而言,技术进步的要素偏向呈现明显的阶段性演化特征:1996—2001年期间,主要体现为资本密集-能源节约型;2002—2005年期间,能源密集-资本节约型技术进步逐渐盛行并占据主导地位;2006—2014年期间,要素偏向型技术进步又重回资本密集-能源节约型。此外,受要素禀赋分布不均所影响,中国技术进步的要素偏向类型还表现出较为显著的空间分异规律。
[Abstract]:As an important power source to promote the change of total factor productivity (TFP), the rate of technological progress and the type of factor bias affect the potential of economic growth and its development mode to a large extent. A comprehensive evaluation model of technological progress is established to systematically study the temporal and spatial differentiation laws of technological progress rate, path and factor bias types in China from 1996 to 2014. The results show that: 1) during the whole sample period, The average rate of technological progress in China is as high as 3.05, which not only offsets some of the TFP losses caused by reduced technical efficiency, It also contributed to the overall productivity growth of nearly 2% a year. Throughout its periodic changes, the rate of technological progress in China declined year by year before 2003, from 1.080 in 1996 to 1.025 in 2003; the index then fluctuated. The value ranges from 1.006-1.030 to 1.006-1.030.) the sustained technological progress achieved in China in the past 20 years is mainly due to the contribution of neutral technological progress (about 86%), although the share of the contribution of the factor biased technological progress has continued to increase in general. But the role is relatively small (only 14%). It can be seen that with the continuous promotion of the market-oriented reform of the elements and the continuous improvement of the efficiency of resource allocation, There is still much room for improvement in the improvement of China's overall technological level by the factor biased technological progress.) in the whole sample period, the Chinese factor bias technological progress has been characterized by capital-intensive and labor-saving type. For the two elements of capital and energy, the factors of technological progress tend to show obvious evolutionary characteristics: 1996-2001, which is mainly reflected in the period 2002-2005, which is mainly capital-intensive and energy-efficient. The progress of energy-intensive and capital-saving technology is becoming more and more popular and dominating. In the period 2006-2014, the factor biased technological progress returned to the capital-density-energy saving type, and was affected by the uneven distribution of factor endowments. The type of factor bias of China's technological progress also shows the law of spatial differentiation.
【作者单位】：武汉大学经济与管理学院;武汉大学人口·资源与环境经济研究中心;华中农业大学经济管理学院;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金重大项目“供给侧结构性改革与发展新动力研究”(批准号:16ZDA006) 国家自然科学基金青年项目“要素市场扭曲对中国高耗能行业能源生产率的影响研究”(批准号:71303177)、“环境政策交互作用下企业低碳技术创新激励研究”(批准号:71503094)
【分类号】：F124.3

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