我国公共产品供给的城乡差异对城乡收入差距的影响研究

发布时间：2018-02-28 14:05

本文关键词： 城乡收入差距公共物品供给教育医疗投资社会保障　出处：《湖南大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：改革开放以来，中国经济取得了巨大的进步，2001年中国加入世贸组织，2008年举办奥运会，2010年中国经济总量赶超日本，跃居世界第二位，创造了一个中国奇迹。但是，在经济高速发展的同时，中国也出现了较大的城乡收入差距。1978年城乡收入绝对差为209.8元，，1978-2011年城乡收入差距呈直线上升，2011年达到14832.51元。随着收入差距的不断扩大，中央开始高度重视城乡一体化发展，把提高农民收入放在各项经济工作的重要位置，并提出了一系列支农惠农政策，如取消农业税,对农民给与直接补贴，但效果并不显著，城乡收入差距有进一步扩大的趋势。本文首先建立了一个两部门经济模型，分析了在两部门经济达到均衡时公共产品供给差异与城乡收入差距之间的关系，并在此基础上具体分析了公共产品如教育、医疗、政府预算内固定资产投资、社会保障的供给差异对城乡收入差距影响的传导机制。然后对城乡公共产品供给差异与城乡收入差距进行整体现状分析和区域现状分析，现状分析的结果表明，城乡公共产品供给差异与城乡收入差距成同方向变化。在前文理论分析和现状分析的基础上，作者利用2006-2011年31个省、直辖市、自治区面板数据实证分析了城乡公共产品供给差异对城乡收入差距的影响。实证结果表明城乡教育，医疗，国家预算内固定资产投资，社会保障等公共产品供给差异对城乡收入差距产生了促进作用，城乡公共产品供给差异越大，城乡收入差距越大。在公共产品供给差异中，城乡教育资源差异对城乡收入差距影响显著，且城乡小学教育资源差异对城乡收入差距的影响大于城乡中学教育资源差异对城乡收入差距的影响。从区域分析看，城乡国家预算内固定资产投资差距和社会保障差距对东、中部地区的城乡收入差距影响显著，而城乡教育资源的分配不均是造成西部地区城乡收入差距的重要原因之一。最后，在理论与实证分析的基础上，作者从制度建设、资金监督、城镇化建设等方面有针对性地提出缩小城乡收入差距的政策建议。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, China's economy has made great progress. China joined the WTO in 2001, held the Olympic Games in 2008, and in 2010, China's total economic volume overtook Japan, ranking second in the world, creating a China miracle. In 1978, the absolute difference between urban and rural income was 209.8 yuan. The income gap between urban and rural areas rose linearly in 1978-2011, and reached 14832.51 yuan in 2011. The central government began to attach great importance to the development of urban-rural integration and put the raising of farmers' income in an important position in various economic work. It put forward a series of policies to support agriculture and benefit agriculture, such as abolishing agricultural taxes and providing direct subsidies to farmers, but the effect was not significant. The income gap between urban and rural areas has a trend of further expansion. This paper first establishes a two-sector economic model, analyzes the relationship between the difference of public goods supply and the income gap between urban and rural areas when the two-sector economy reaches equilibrium, and then analyzes the public goods such as education, medical treatment, etc. The transmission mechanism of the influence of fixed asset investment and social security supply difference on the income gap between urban and rural areas in the government budget, and then the analysis of the overall status quo and the regional status quo of the difference in the supply of urban and rural public goods and the income gap between urban and rural areas. The results of present situation analysis show that the difference between urban and rural public goods supply and urban and rural income gap changes in the same direction. Based on the previous theoretical analysis and current situation analysis, the author empirically analyzes the effect of urban and rural public goods supply differences on the urban-rural income gap by using the panel data of 31 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions from 2006 to 2011. The empirical results show that urban and rural education affects the income gap between urban and rural areas. The differences in the supply of public goods, such as medical treatment, fixed assets investment in the national budget, social security and other public goods, promote the urban-rural income gap. The greater the difference in the supply of urban and rural public goods, the greater the urban-rural income gap. The difference of urban and rural educational resources has a significant impact on the urban-rural income gap, and the difference of urban and rural primary school education resources has more influence on the urban-rural income gap than that of the urban and rural middle school education resource difference on the urban-rural income gap. The gap between fixed assets investment and social security in the urban and rural national budget has a significant impact on the income gap between urban and rural areas in the east and central regions, and the uneven distribution of urban and rural educational resources is one of the important reasons for the urban-rural income gap in the western region. On the basis of theoretical and empirical analysis, the author puts forward some policy suggestions to narrow the income gap between urban and rural areas from the aspects of system construction, capital supervision and urbanization construction.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D630;F124.7

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